Confusing Pairs

Front 1

Bottom-up Processing

Back 1

Individual elements to the whole

Front 2

Top-down Processing

Back 2

Whole elements to the individual

Front 3

Agonist

Back 3

chemicals that mimic action of neurotransmitters

Front 4

Antagonist

Back 4

chemicals that oppose the action of neurotransmitters

Front 5

Foot in the door

Back 5

small then go big

Front 6

Door in the face

Back 6

big then go small

Front 7

Random Assignment

Back 7

equal chance of being placed into any groups

Front 8

Random Sample

Back 8

choosing from the population and happen before assignment

Front 9

Applied Research

Back 9

clear and practical use

Front 10

Basic Research

Back 10

pure science that aims to increase the scientific knowledge base

Front 11

Quantitative data

Back 11

deals with numbers

Front 12

Qualitative data

Back 12

deals with descriptions

Front 13

Self-Serving Bias

Back 13

overstate one's role in a positive venture and underestimate in a failure

Front 14

Self-Fulfilling Prophecies

Back 14

people's ideas about others can shape the behavior of those others

Front 15

Collectivist cultures

Back 15

family and company oriented (Japan)

Front 16

Individualistic cultures

Back 16

uniqueness of individual

Front 17

Structuralism

Back 17

structure (parts of the brain) and elements of immediate, conscious experience

Front 18

Functionalism

Back 18

how and why the mind functions and is related to consciousness

Front 19

Descriptive Statistics

Back 19

describes a set of data

Front 20

Inferential Statistics

Back 20

determine whether findings can be applied to the larger population (cause and effect)

Front 21

Syntax

Back 21

grammar

Front 22

Semantics

Back 22

meaning

Front 23

Anterograde amnesia

Back 23

can't remember new stuff

Front 24

Retrograde amnesia

Back 24

can't remember old stuff

Front 25

Systematic Desensitization

Back 25

reduces client's anxiety responses

(bad paired with good)

Front 26

Aversion Conditioning

Back 26

averse stimulus to elicit an undesirable response

(bad paired with bad)

Front 27

Absolute Threshold

Back 27

level needed to see it 50% of the time

Front 28

Just-noticeable difference

(JND)

Back 28

perceive change in stimulus level

Front 29

Construct Validity

Back 29

measures a hypothetical concept

Front 30

Content Validity

Back 30

representative of the domain it is supposed to cover

Front 31

Independent Variable

Back 31

what is tested

Front 32

Dependent Variable

Back 32

what is measured

Front 33

Experimental Group

Back 33

group that is tested

Front 34

Control Group

Back 34

receives the placebo

Front 35

Left Brain

Back 35

language and logic

Front 36

Right Brain

Back 36

creative and spatial

Front 37

Corpus Collosum

Back 37

divides the brain

Front 38

Cerebral Cortex

Back 38

covers the brain

Front 39

Sympathetic Nervous System

Back 39

fight or flight

Front 40

Parasympathetic Nervous System

Back 40

Calming (parachute)

Front 41

Neurotransmitters

Back 41

nervous system

Front 42

Hormones

Back 42

endocrine system

Front 43

Lateral Hypothalamus

Back 43

stimulates hunger

Front 44

Ventromedial Hypothalamus

Back 44

suppresses hunger

Front 45

Broca's area

Back 45

makes words

Front 46

Wernicke's area

Back 46

comprehends words

Front 47

Identical twins

Back 47

same egg

Front 48

Fraternal twins

Back 48

separate eggs

Front 49

Afferent neurons

Back 49

sensory

(body to brain)

Front 50

Efferent neurons

Back 50

motor

(brain to body)

Front 51

Assimilation

Back 51

all four legged animals are "doggies"

Front 52

Accommodation

Back 52

"doggies" are different than "kitties"

Front 53

Concrete operations

Back 53

logical thinking

Front 54

Formal operations

Back 54

philosophical thinking

Front 55

Sensation

Back 55

bottom up processing

Front 56

Perception

Back 56

top down processing

Front 57

Rods

Back 57

light

Front 58

Cones

Back 58

color

Front 59

Classical conditioning

Back 59

involuntary

Front 60

Operant conditioning

Back 60

voluntary

Front 61

Primary effect

Back 61

first items remembered

Front 62

Recency effect

Back 62

last items remembered

Front 63

Proactive interference

Back 63

loss of the new info

Front 64

Retroactive interference

Back 64

loss of the old info

Front 65

Implicit memory

Back 65

non-declarative (skills)

Front 66

Explicit memory

Back 66

declarative (facts)

Front 67

Recall memory

Back 67

no cues

Front 68

Recognition memory

Back 68

some hints

Front 69

Algorithms

Back 69

step by step

Front 70

Heuristic

Back 70

rule of thumb

Front 71

Representative heuristics

Back 71

sterotypes

Front 72

Availability heuristics

Back 72

based of available info

Front 73

Phonemes

Back 73

basic sound units

Front 74

Morphemes

Back 74

basic units of meaning

Front 75

Fluid Intelligence

Back 75

processing speed

Front 76

Crystallized Intelligence

Back 76

acquired knowledge

Front 77

Validty

Back 77

measures what it should

Front 78

Realibility

Back 78

same scores on a retest

Front 79

Achievement test

Back 79

what you've learned

Front 80

Aptitude test

Back 80

potential

Front 81

Intrinsic motivation

Back 81

for personal satisfaction

Front 82

Extrinsic motivation

Back 82

for rewards

Front 83

Theory Y

Back 83

democratic/instrinsic

Front 84

Theory X

Back 84

rewards or punishment/extrinsic

Front 85

Internal Locus

Back 85

you control the environment

Front 86

External Locus

Back 86

environment controls you

Front 87

Lithium

Back 87

treats bipolar

Front 88

Librium

Back 88

treats anxiety

Front 89

Type A Personality

Back 89

high stress

Front 90

Type B Personality

Back 90

low stress