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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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ch'i
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A self-generating impersonal force that controls the cosmos.
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feng shui
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The interpretation of wind and water to determine how people can best live in balance with nature.
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hsiao
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Devotion to ancestors, both livign and dead.
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I Ching
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A manual of divination that interprets symbols called hexagrams, which are figures that contain six lines.
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kuei
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Evil spirits believed to inhabit dark places and uninhabited wilderness.
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Mandate of Heaven
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The divine right to rule; an idea used by the Chou to begin a rebellionagainst the Shang and, eventually, establish a new dynasty in the 11th century B.C.E
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Shang Ti/Shang Di
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The high god of the Shang dynasty; a god so powerful that on[y rulers could consult them.
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shen
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Good spirits who live in bright places.
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Tao/Dao
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The eternal source of everything in the cosmos.
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t'ien/tian
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Chou name for the high god, meaning "heaven".
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yang
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The portion of ch'i that is active, male, good, and positive.
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yin
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The portion of ch'i that is passive, feminine, evil, and negative.
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Analects (Lun Yu)
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A book of Confucius' sayings, written approximately 70 years after his death by his followers.
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chun-tzu (superior man)
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A Confucian phrase used to describe a person of high moral character.
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Confucius
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A Chinese social philosopher who lived 551 B.C.E. to 479 B.C.E. whose teachings have influenced Japanese, Korean, and Vietnamese thought and life.
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Five Classics
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Religious and historical books collected and edited during the Chou dynasty. These 5 books compose the first half of the Confucian scriptures.
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Five Great Relationships
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Confucian hierarchy of relationships that are the foundation for a harmonious society; father/son, elder brother/younger brother, husband/wife, elder/junior, ruler/subject.
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Kung/K'ung
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The Chinese name for Confucius
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semantics
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A practice that examines the meaning of words and was emphasized by Confucius.
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zheng-ming (rectification of names)
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Part of Confucius' system for creating a moral society through proper social relationships.
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Chu Hsi (Ju Xi or Zhu Xi)
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The most famous teacher of neo-Confucianism; lived 1130-1200 and taught the universe was made up of a single principle called the Tai JI.
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Chung Yung (Doctrine of the Mean)
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The second of the Four Books, which teaches how to follow a middle path between emotional and intellectual extremes.
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Four Books
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Four texts, that along with the 5 Classics, are the traditional authoritative texts for Confucianism; these include the Analects, Doctrine of the Mean, Book of Mencius, and the Great Learning.
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Golden Mean
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The belief that people must avoid emotional and intellectual i order to lie in harmony with the Tao.
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Hsun Tzu (Xun-Zi)
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An instructor of Confucianism living 298-238; stressed traditional rites and rituals more than Confucius did.
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Legalists
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An influential group of scholars from 400-200 that opposed the Mohist School of thought and adopted a harsh view of human nature.
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li
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The traditional term for propriety; used by neo-Confucianism to refer to law or rational principle.
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literai
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Scholars who taught Confucianism and often held a position in the government.
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Mencius
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The greatest orthodox instructor and interpreter of Confucius' teachings; lived from 372-289.
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Meng-tzu (Book of Mencius)
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The third of the Four Books, which contains the teachings of Mencius.
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Mo Tzu
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Founder of the Mohist school; lived from 471-391.
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Mohist School
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School of thought founded by Mo Tzu that brought about a great departure from orthodox Confucianism and traditional Chinese practices, such as religious rituals and ancestor veneration.
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neo-Confucianism
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An 11th century movement that attempted to determine which schools of Confucianism were philosophically consistent and in accordance with the teachings of Confucius.
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qi
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A neo-Confucianist word for vital force or energy.
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Ta Hsueh (Great Learning)
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Fourth text of the Four books, which contains instructions for a virtuous government and commentary from one of Confucius' disciples on political theory and morality.
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Tai Ji/T'ai Chi
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The Great Ultimate, or the supreme forced that regulates the universe in neo-Confucianism.
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jen/ren
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Humanness, benevolence, love, and goodness; the most important moral Quality in Confucianism.
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shu
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Reciprocity; one of the defining characteristics of a noble person in Confucianism.
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te
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Virtue; Confucius taught that this concept rests in moral order and can best be seen in the actions of a great personality.
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wen
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Culture; believed by Confucius to be essential in order for a civilization to maintain harmony.
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