Conditions That Cause Excessive Bleeding

Front 1

Conditions that cause excessive bleeding? (4 of them)

Back 1

1. deficiency of Vit K
2. Hemophilia
3. Thrombocytopenia
4. Liver disease

Front 2

What is hemophilia?

Back 2

inherited deficiency of Factor VIII or IX-- occurs exclusively in males

Front 3

What is thrombocytopenia?

Back 3

platelet deficiency

Front 4

What is thromobocytopenic purpura?

Back 4

the skin of such a person displays many small purplish blotches due to small punctate hemorrhages throughout the body tissues

Front 5

How does liver disease cause excessive bleeding?

Back 5

affects production of prothrombic/ fibrinogen

Front 6

Laboratory Assessment of Normal Clotting (6 of them)

Back 6

1. Platelet count + aggregation
2. Bleeding time
3. Coagulation time
4. Clot retraction
5. Prothrombin time
6 Partial Thromboplastin Time (PTT)

Front 7

What is platelet count and aggregation?

Back 7

ability to stick together

Front 8

What is bleeding time?

Back 8

earlobe stab, blot with filter paper every 30 sec until all bleeding has stopped

Front 9

What is coagulation time? What does it detect?

Back 9

venous draw, the time elapsed between the appearance of blood in the syringe and clot formation in the 3rd tube (invert without clot disturbance). Detects gross blood coagulation defects and can be used to monitor heparin therapy.

Front 10

What is prothrombin time? What is it useful for?

Back 10

the time in seconds that it takes for clotting to occur when a small amount of thromboplastin extract is added to plasma on both control and patient sample. Useful for following therapy with coumarin anticoagulants.

Front 11

What is Partial Thromboplastin Time (PTT)?

Back 11

the patient's plasma and a normal control plasma are treated with activated partial thromboplastin. The time in seconds it takes for each to clot is recorded and compared. PTT is used to monitor heparin therapy.

Front 12

What is the best screening test for disorders of coagulation?

Back 12

PTT because it is more precise and sensitive than other tests. When used with platelet count, prothrombin time, and bleeding time, virtually all hemorrhagic disorders will be detected.

Front 13

Thromboembolic conditions (2 of them)

Back 13

1. thrombus
2. embolus

Front 14

What is a thrombus?

Back 14

an abnormal clot that develops in a blood vessel

Front 15

What is an embolus?

Back 15

a freely flowing thrombus

Front 16

What are 2 anticoagulants for clinical use?

Back 16

1. heparin
2. coumarins; Warfarin

Front 17

What does heparin do?

Back 17

increases the effectiveness of antithrombin III

Front 18

What can you do if too much heparin is given?

Back 18

give protamine, which combines electrostatically w/ heparin to cause inactivation

Front 19

What do coumarins/Warfarin do?

Back 19

compete with Vit K for reactive sites in the formation of prothrombin and the other 3 clotting factors

Front 20

How can you control bleeding in 1st Aid Treatment? (4 ways)

Back 20

1. direct pressure
2. elevation
3. indirect pressure using Pressure Points-- superficial arteries close to a bone beneath
4. tourniquet-- rarely needed

Front 21

Substances that promote clotting (6 of them)

Back 21

1. Platelets that contain contracting proteins
2. Thromboplastin
3. Prothrombin Activator
4. Vitamin K
5. Calcium
6. Prothrombin to Thrombin so Fibrinogen to Fibrin

Front 22

What are 6 contracting proteins?

Back 22

1. Actin
2. Myosin
3. Thrombosthenin
4. Fibrin Stabilizing Factor-- forms cross links between fibrin fibers
5. ADP
6. Thromboxane A2-- activates nearby platelets to adhere to plug

Front 23

What is thromboplastin?

Back 23

helps form Prothrombin Activator from tissue trauma

Front 24

When is Prothrombin Activator formed?

Back 24

formed from repsponse to damage; extrinsic and intrinsic

Front 25

Why is Vit K needed?

Back 25

to make prothrombin

Front 26

Substances that prevent clotting (11 of them)

Back 26

1. Heparin
2. Coumarins; Warfarin
3. Liver disease
4. Vit K deficiency
5. Thrombocytopenia
6. Hemophilia
7. Tissue Plasminogen Activator
8. Plasmin
9. Thrombomodulin
10. Fibrin threads
11. Antithrombin III

Front 27

How does heparin prevent clotting?

Back 27

increases the effectiveness of antithrombin III, made by mast cells and basophils

Front 28

How do coumarins/Warfarin prevent clotting?

Back 28

compete with Vit K for reactive sites in the formation of prothrombin

Front 29

How does liver disease prevent clotting?

Back 29

liver makes prothrombin and fibrinogen

Front 30

How does a deficiency in Vit K prevent clotting?

Back 30

prevents formation of prothrombin

Front 31

What is hemophilia?

Back 31

a sex-linked trait with deficiency of Factor VIII or IX

Front 32

What does Tissue Plasminogen Activator do?

Back 32

converts plasminogen to plasmin

Front 33

What does plasmin do?

Back 33

lyses blood clots

Front 34

What is thrombomodulin?

Back 34

an endothelial protein that binds thombin

Front 35

What do Fibrin Threads do?

Back 35

promote clotting but also absorb thrombin, which prevents the spread of the clot

Front 36

What does Antithrombin III do?

Back 36

inactivates thrombin

Front 37

What is thrombosthenin?

Back 37

a contractile protein in platelets

Front 38

What does thromboxane A2 do?

Back 38

activates nearby platelets to adhere to plug (contractile proteins in platelets contract and cause release of granules)

Front 39

What does thrombin do?

Back 39

converts Fibrinogen to Fibrin

Front 40

What inactivates thrombin?

Back 40

antithrombin III

Front 41

What does thromboplastin do?

Back 41

It's released by damaged tissue to form Prothrombin Activator

Front 42

What is thrombomodulin?

Back 42

an endothelial protein that binds thrombin

Front 43

What is thrombocytopenia?

Back 43

a platelet deficiency