Conditioning And Learning Exam 2

Front 1

accidental reinforcement/ adventitious reinforcement

Back 1

delivery of reinforcer coincides with particular response which wasn't responsible for reinforcer present

Front 2

appetitive stimulus

Back 2

pleasant stimulus that positively reinforces instrumental response

Front 3

augmentation/contra-blocking effect

Back 3

helping conditioning of new stimulus because of a previously conditioned stimulus

Front 4

aversive stimulus

Back 4

bad stimulus that punishes instrumental response

Front 5

avoidance

Back 5

instrumental response prevents aversive stimulus

Front 6

belongingness

Back 6

certain respsonse belong with certain reinforcers, helps learning

Front 7

blocking effect

Back 7

interference of a new stimulus because of previously conditioned stimulus

Front 8

comparator hypothesis

Back 8

CR depends on a camparison between the associative strength of CS and of other cues that are present during training of target CS

Front 9

conditioned homeostatic-response

Back 9

CR similar to unconditioned homeostatic reactions elicited by some unconditioned stimuli

Front 10

conditioned reinforcer/secondary reinforcer

Back 10

stimulus becomes reinforcer because of association with primary unconditioned reinforcer

Front 11

contiguity/ temporal contiguity

Back 11

events occuring at same time (response and reinforcer)

Front 12

counterconditioning

Back 12

reversing previous response to a stimuli

Front 13

CS-preexposure effect/ latent-inhibition effect

Back 13

interfering with conditioning by exposing the CS early

Front 14

differential reinforcement of other behavior

Back 14

positive reinforcer's sometimes delivered to perform particular response

Front 15

discrete-trial method

Back 15

participant can perform instrumental response only during specified periods by placing part in chamber or by presenting the stimulus

Front 16

drug tolerance

Back 16

reduced effectiveness due to repeated due to use

Front 17

escape

Back 17

instrumental response terminates aversion stimulus

Front 18

free-operant method

Back 18

repeated performance of istrumental response without participant removed from chamber

Front 19

high-order conditioning

Back 19

cs1 used to condition new stimulus cs2

Front 20

homeostasis

Back 20

maintaining critical aspects of body within acceptable limits; sometimes negative feedback counteracts

Front 21

instinctive drift

Back 21

drift from responses for reinforcement to species typical instinctive responses related to reinforcer

Front 22

instrumental behavior

Back 22

activity that is effective in producing a particular consequence/reinforcere

Front 23

intermin response

Back 23

incresed frequency after periodic reinforcer and decreased until next reinforcer

Front 24

latency

Back 24

time from start of trial to instrumental response

Front 25

law of effect

Back 25

response + stimulus =
satisfaction: resposne strengthened
annoying: response weakened

Front 26

learned-helplessness effect

Back 26

interference with new learning responses from exposure to aversive stimulation

Front 27

learned-helplessness hypothesis

Back 27

during exposure to aversive stimulation. participants learn their behavior. can not control environment

Front 28

magazine training

Back 28

stimulus is repeatedly paired with reinforcer to enable part to learn and go get reinforcer then presented

Front 29

marketing procedure

Back 29

response followed by distinctive event that makes response more memorable and help overcome the deleting effects of delayed reinforcement

Front 30

negative contrast

Back 30

decreased responding for an unfavorable reinforcer after previous experiments with more desired reinforcer

Front 31

negative reinforcement

Back 31

you do something don't get bad, don't do something, get bad things, negative contigency

Front 32

omission training

Back 32

response prevents reinforcemnet stimulus

Front 33

operant response

Back 33

response defined by effect on environment

Front 34

positive contrast

Back 34

greater responding for a favorable reinforcer following previous experience with a less desired reinfrocer than in the absence of such prior experience

Front 35

positive reinforcement

Back 35

+ contigency do this, get pos. dont do it, dont get it

Front 36

punishment

Back 36

response aversive stimulus + contingency do somehting get bad, dont do dont get bad

Front 37

relative waiting time hypothesis

Back 37

CR depends on waiting for US w/ CS or waiting for US regardless of CS

Front 38

response-reinforcer contingency

Back 38

probability of reinforcement for response and reinforcement without response

Front 39

running speed

Back 39

speed of animal in runway

Front 40

s-r learning

Back 40

learning between stimulus and response; stimulus brings response

Front 41

s-s learning

Back 41

one stimulus represents the other

Front 42

sensory preconditioning

Back 42

1 weak CS2 + 1 weak CS1 = CS1 + US = CS2-> CR; regardless of being paired with US

Front 43

shaping

Back 43

a lot of reinforcement for response

Front 44

simultaneous behavioral contrast

Back 44

shifts between favorable and unfavorable reward condition w/ distinct stimulus

Front 45

stimulus salience

Back 45

significance/noticeablity; more salience= more rapid conditioning

Front 46

stimulus substitution

Back 46

interchange between US and CS

Front 47

superstitious behavior

Back 47

increases in frequency because of accidental pairing of the delivery of a reinfrocer with occurrences of the behavior

Front 48

terminal response

Back 48

response that is at end of the interval between successive reinforcements that are presented at fixed intervals

Front 49

US-preexposure effect

Back 49

interference with conditioning produced by repeated exposures to the unconditioned stimulus before the conditioning trials

Front 50

US devaluation

Back 50

reduction in the attractiveness of a US achieved by yaversion of satiation