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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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All things can be classified as two things: |
1. Matter 2. Engery |
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Matter |
Anything that occupies space and has mass. Matter composes physical objects. It is made up of atoms and molecules and it is built by atoms and molecules. Matter has form and shape. |
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Mass |
The quantity of matter contained in a physical object. The unit of measure is a kilogram. Mass is constant in the universe regardless of gravity or form it takes. Mass makes up matter. It is described by it's energy equivalence. Matter can be transformed into energy. |
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Weight |
Describes the mass of an object within a gravitational field. Weight changes with gravity. |
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Energy |
The ability to do work. Energy can exist in many forms. Can transform from one form to another; energy cannot be created nor destroyed. The unit of measure is a Joule. In Radiology it is an electron volt (eV). |
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Kinetic Energy |
Energy due to motion. |
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Chemical Energy |
Energy released during a chemical reaction. |
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Electrical Energy |
Energy from electron moving. |
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Thermal Energy |
Energy of the motion of molecules. |
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Nuclear Energy |
Energy contained in the nucleus. |
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Electromagnetic Energy |
Energy from the electromagnetic spectrum. |
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Law of Conservation of Energy |
Energy cannot be created nor destroyed, but energy can change it's form. |
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Energy Mass Equivalence |
Albert Einstein said that mass and energy are interchangeable. E=mc^2. E=Joules, m=mass, c=speed of light in a vacuum. |
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Radiation |
Energy emitted and transferred through space. Radiation is the transfer of energy. |
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Irridiated |
Matter than intercepts radiation. |
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Ionizing Radiation |
Any type capable of removing an orbital electron from atom it interacts with. Radiation ionizes matter. Radiation transfers energy to electron and it escapes the orbit. Electron is negative ion. The atom is missing a negative charge so it has one more positive charge than negative charges. Examples: X-Rays, Gamma Rays. Most radiation is harmless, i.e. radio waves or light. |
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What are the two sources of ionizing radiation? |
1. Man-Made Radiation 2. Natural Radiation |
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Natural Radiation |
300 mrem 1. Cosmic 2. Terrestrial 3. Internal Radionuclides |
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Cosmic Radiation |
Emitted by the sun and stars. Intensity increases with altitude. Intensity increases closer to poles. |
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Terrestrial Radiation |
Emitted from uranium, thorium etc. deposits. Intensity depends on geological area. Largest exposure from radon: gas emits alpha, natural decay of uranium, found in brick, concrete. |
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Internal Radionuclides |
Inside the body, ingested, breathing, potassium 40 (k). |
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Man-Made Radiation. |
60 mrem. 1. Medical X-Ray 2. Nuclear power plant, industrial sources 3. Consumer items |
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Dose |
Measured in millirads: mrads. Unit of absorbed dose: Gray. |
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Roentgen |
Amount of radiation traveling through air. |
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Potential Energy. |
Energy due to position. |
