Concepts Of Biology

Front 1

Condensation

Back 1

Covalent bonding of two molecules into a larger molecule, often with the formation of water as a by-product.

Front 2

Hydrolysis

Back 2

An enzymatic cleavage reaction in which a molecule is split, and the components of water (—OH and —H) become attached to each of the fragments.

Front 3

Carbohydrates

Back 3

The most abundant biological molecules in nature.
Consist of C, H, O in a 1:2:1 ratio.
1) Monosaccharides (simple sugars, one sugar unit)
2) Oligosaccharides (short-chain carbohydrates)
3) Polysaccharides (complex carbohydrates)

Front 4

Lipid

Back 4

Nonpolar hydrocarbon; fats, oils, waxes, phospholipids, and sterols are lipids.

Front 5

Protein

Back 5

Organic compound consisting of one or more polypeptide chains folded and twisted into a three-dimensional shape.

Front 6

Amino Acids

Back 6

Organic compound with an amino group (NH2), a carboxylic acid group (COOH), and a side group bonded covalently to the same carbon atom. Subunit of proteins.

Front 7

Monomer

Back 7

small organic compound

Front 8

Polymer

Back 8

a molecule that contains repeating monomers

Front 9

Hydrophobic

Back 9

Repels oil and other nonpolar molecules

Front 10

Hydrophilic

Back 10

Attracts other polar molecules such as sugars and salts

Front 11

Denaturation

Back 11

The three-dimensional shape of a protein or some other complex molecule unravels as its hydrogen bonds are disrupted.

Front 12

Nucleotide

Back 12

Small organic compound with a five-carbon sugar, a nitrogen-containing base, and a phosphate group.

Front 13

RNA

Back 13

Ribonucleic acid. Any of a class of single-stranded nucleic acids with roles in transcription, translation, and catalysis.

Front 14

DNA

Back 14

Deoxyribonucleic acid. Carries the primary hereditary information for all living organisms and many viruses.

Front 15

ATP

Back 15

Adenosine triphosphate. Nucleotide made of adenine, ribose, and three phosphate groups; main energy carrier in cells.