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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Any man-made or natural event that creates destruction and devastation that cannot be alleviated without assistance
-an event that overwhelms, at least temporarily, the capacity of a hospital |
-Disaster
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Name 2 causes of man-made disasters;
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1.) over-crowding of cities has caused unrest and riots (Astrodome in Houston after hurricane Katrina)
2.) over-crowding also caused people to build communities in areas that are more vulnerable to disaster |
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Name the 2 types of disasters:
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1.) Natural (hurricanes, cyclones, blizzards, floods, mudslides, earthquakes, etc)
2.) Man-made (conventional warfare, non-conventional warfare [nuclear, chemical], transporation accidents, structural collapse, explosions, pollution, terrorist attacks) |
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Name the 3 levels of Disaster Management:
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Level 1: Prepare
Level 2: Response Level 3: Recovery |
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Name the 3 forms of Anthrax:
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1.) Skin or cutaneous: least lethal
2.) Inhalation: most lethal 3.) GI |
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-95% of anthrax cases
-least lethal -spores enter through cuts or abrasions -toxins destroy surrounding tissue -appears as small insect bites that develop into lesions with black scabs -edematous -swollen lymph nodes |
-Cutaneous (anthrax)
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-this form of anthrax is most severe
-spores multiple in alveoli -toxins cause hemorrhage and destruction of lung tissue -high mortality rate -abrupt onset of septicemia, with fever, chills, N & V, cough, fluid in lungs, difficult WOB, swollen lymph glands, shock, meningitis -progress so quickly that once symptoms are clear it may be too late fore drugs to prevent death |
-Inhalation (anthrax)
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-this form is contracted by ingestion of contaminated or undercooked meat
-intestinal lesions in ileum or cecum -acute inflammation of the intestines -ascites or sepsis seen -nausea, loss of appetite, vomiting, fever, severe abdominal pain, diarrhea, abdominal bleeding |
-GI (anthrax)
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What is the most poisonous toxin known to man?
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-botulism (a.k.a. clostridium botulinum)
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-spread typically through food, but can be inhaled, or absorbed through an open wound
-it does not penetrate the skin -affects neurotransmitters -level 1 threat -N & V, difficulty speaking, seeing, and/or swallowing; drooping eyelids; muscle weakness starting at the trunk and moving to the limbs; muscle paralysis and difficulty breathing |
-botulism
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What is the treatment for botulism?
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-antitoxin
-NO vaccine -induce vomiting -enemas -mechanical vent -penicillin -heating food or drink to 212F for at least 10 min |
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What are the 3 forms of the plague?
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1.) Bubonic (most common)
2.) Pneumonic 3.) Septicemic (most deadly) |
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Caused by Y. pestis:
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-plague (all 3 forms)
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How is the plague spread?
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-person-to-person
-aerosol -flea bites -ingestion of contaminated meat |
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Describe s & s for the plague:
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-fever, chills, headache, weakness, n & v, abdominal pain
-hemoptysis -mylagia -extreme lymph node pain -chest pain -cough -septic shock |
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What is the treatment for the plague?
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-antibiotics but EARLY treatment
-hospitalization and isolation -no vaccine |
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-spread through aerosol or person-to-person contact
-highly contagious -transmitted by handling contaminated materials -sudden onset, mylagia, high fever, headache, backache, vomiting -lesions that progess from macules to papules to pustular vesicles |
-small pox
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What is the treatment for small pox?
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-currently no treatment
-isolation for containment -vaccination can be given 3-5 days postexposure to prevent the dz |
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-one of the most infectious bacteria known
-mortality rate of 35% wo/ treatment -occurs naturally in small mammals -no person-to-person transmission -spread from contaminated food, air, water -sudden onset of flu-like symptoms progressing to pleural effusion, ulcerated sores poss from tick bite, sore throat, red and sore eyes |
-tularemia
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What is the treatment for tularemia?
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-Genatmycin is treatment of choice
-no vaccine |
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Describe the different levels of PPE:
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-Level A: SCBA, fully encapsulating vapor-tight, chemical resistant, suit and boots
-Level B: similar to A but less eye and skin protection -Level C: air purified respirator using fulter to remove harmful substances from air; chemical resistant coverall with splash hood, chemical resistant gloves and boots -Level D: work uniform |
