Computers, Chapter 8

Front 1

Secondary Storage

Back 1

Physical material on which a computer keeps data, information, programs, and applications; includes hard disks, external hard disks, solid-state drives, memory cards, USB drives

Front 2

Storage Device

Back 2

Hardware that records and/or retrieves items to and from storage media

Front 3

Writing

Back 3

Process of transferring data, instructions, and information from memory to a storage medium

Front 4

Reading

Back 4

Process of transferring these items from a storage medium into memory

Front 5

Capacity

Back 5

Number of bytes (characters) a storage medium can hold

Front 6

Kilobyte

Back 6

1 thousand

Front 7

Megabyte

Back 7

1 million

Front 8

Gigabyte

Back 8

1 billion

Front 9

Terabyte

Back 9

1 trillion

Front 10

Access Time

Back 10

Measures 1) the amount of time it takes a storage device to locate an item on a storage medium 2) the time required to deliver an item from memory to the processor

Front 11

Transfer Rate

Back 11

The speed with which data, instructions, and information transfer to and from a device

Front 12

KBps

Back 12

Kilobytes per second

Front 13

MBps

Back 13

Megabytes per second

Front 14

GBps

Back 14

Gigabytes per second

Front 15

Hard Disk/Hard Disk Drive

Back 15

Storage device that contains one or more inflexible, circular platters that use magnetic particles to store data, instructions, and information

Front 16

Fixed Disk

Back 16

A hard disk mounted inside the computer's case

Front 17

Platter

Back 17

Made of aluminum, glass, or ceramic and has a thin coating of alloy material that allows items to be recorded magnetically on its surface

Front 18

Longitudinal Recording

Back 18

Aligns the magnetic particles horizontally around the surface of the disk

Front 19

Perpendicular Recording

Back 19

Hard disks align the magnetic particles vertically, or perpendicular, to the disk's surface, making much greater storage capacities possible

Front 20

Density

Back 20

Number of bits in an area on a storage medium; higher density equals more storage capacity

Front 21

Formatting

Back 21

The process of dividing the disk into tracks and sectors so that the operating system can store and locate data and information on the disk

Front 22

Task

Back 22

Narrow recording band that forms a full circle on the surface of the disk

Front 23

Sectors

Back 23

The disk's storage locations that consist of wedge-shaped sections, which break the tracks in these small arcs

Front 24

Read/Write Head

Back 24

Mechanism that reads items and writes items in the drive as it barely touches the disk's recording surface

Front 25

Revolutions Per Minutes/RPM

Back 25

The spinning of the platters in the hard disk; it allows nearly instant access to all tracks and sectors on the platters

Front 26

Disk Cache/Buffer

Back 26

Consists of memory chips on a hard disk that stores frequently accessed data, instructions, and information

Front 27

RAID/Redundant Array of Independent Disks

Back 27

A group of two or more integrated hard disks

Front 28

External Hard Drisk

Back 28

Separate, freestanding storage device that connects with a cable to a USB port or other port on a computer or mobile device

Front 29

Solid-State Media

Back 29

Flash memory chips that consist entirely of electronic components, such as integrated circuits, and contain no moving parts.

Front 30

Recycle Bin/Trash Recovery

Back 30

A location to store discarded files

Front 31

SSD/Solid-State Drive

Back 31

Flash memory storage device that contains its own processor to manage its storage

Front 32

Advantages SSDs have over traditional hard disks

Back 32

-Higher storage capacities

-Faster access time

-Faster transfer rates

-Quieter operation

-More durable

-Lighter weight

-Less power consumption

-Less heat generation

-Longer life

Front 33

Memory Card

Back 33

Removable flash memory storage device, usually no bigger than 1.5 inches in height or width, that you insert in and remove from a slot in a computer, mobile device, or card reader/writer

Front 34

Types of Memory Cards

Back 34

-CompactFlash

-Secure Digital High Capacity

-Secure Digital Expanded Capacity

-miniSD

-microSD

-microSDHC

-microSDXC

-xD Picture Card

-Memory Stick PRO Duo

-Memory Stick Micro

Front 35

Card Reader/Writer

Back 35

A device that reads from and writes on memory cards; usually connect to the USB port on a computer

Front 36

USB Flash drive/Thumb Drive

Back 36

Flash memory storage device that plugs in a USB port on a computer or mobile device

Front 37

Cloud Storage

Back 37

An internet service that provides storage to computer or mobile device users

Front 38

What you can do with storage

Back 38

-Synchronize files

-Write documents

-Back up your computer

-Stream music

-Post photos

-Play games

-Evaluating providers

Front 39

Optical Disks

Back 39

Type of storage medium that consists of a flat, round, portable disc, made of metal, plastic, and lacquer that is written and read by a laser

Front 40

LightScribe Technology

Back 40

Drives which can etch labels directly on the specially coated discs

Front 41

Microscopic Pits

Back 41

Indentations on optical discs

Front 42

Lands

Back 42

Flat areas on optical discs

Front 43

CD-Rom

Back 43

A type of optical disc that users can read but no write on (record) or erase

Front 44

Single-Session Disc

Back 44

A standard CD-Rom

Front 45

Photo CD

Back 45

A CD that only contains photos

Front 46

CD-R

Back 46

An optical disc on which users can write once, but not erase, their own items, such as text, graphics, and audio

Front 47

WORM

Back 47

Discs that can only be written on once, but can be read many times

Front 48

CD-RW

Back 48

An erasable multi-session disc users can write on multiple times

Front 49

Blu-Ray

Back 49

A more expensive DVD format which has a higher capacity and better quality that standard DVDS, especially for Hi-Def audio and vidoe

Front 50

DVD-ROM

Back 50

A high-capacity optical disc that users can read but not write on or erase

Front 51

DVD-R/DVD+R

Back 51

Competing DVD-recording WORM formats, on which users can write once but not erase their own items, including video, audio, photos, graphics, and text

Front 52

DVD-RW/DVD+RW/DVD+RAM

Back 52

Competing DVD-rewritable formats that users can write on multiple times

Front 53

Controller

Back 53

Consists of a special-purpose chip and electronic circuits and control the transfer of data, instructions, and information from a driver to and from the system bus and other components in the computer

Front 54

EIDE/Enhanced Integrated Drive Electronics

Back 54

Interface that uses parallel signals to transfer data, instructions, and information

Front 55

SCSI/Small Computer System Interface

Back 55

Uses parallel signals, but can support up to 8 or 15 peripheral devices

Front 56

SAS/Serial-Attached SCSCI

Back 56

A types of SCSI that uses serial signals to transfer data, instructions, and information

Front 57

SATA/Serial Advanced Technology Attachment

Back 57

Uses serial signals to transfer data, instructions, and information

Front 58

Full Backup

Back 58

Provides the best protection against data loss because it copies all program and data files

Front 59

Differential Backup

Back 59

Copies only the files that have changed since that last full backup

Front 60

Incremental Backup

Back 60

Copies only the files that have changed since the last full or last incremental backup

Front 61

Selective Backup/Partial Backup

Back 61

Allows the user to choose specific files to back up, regardless of whether or not the files have changed since the last incremental backup

Front 62

Enterprise Hardware

Back 62

Allows large organizations to manage and store data and information using devices intended for heavy use, maximum efficiency, and maximum availability.

Front 63

Outsourcing

Back 63

When a company uses storage management outside of its cloud storage provider

Front 64

Fibre Channel/FC

Back 64

Technology that connects the devices to the network; has faster transmission rates than SCSI

Front 65

Level 1/Mirroring

Back 65

The simplest RAID storage design; writes data on two disks at the same time to duplicate the data

Front 66

Striping

Back 66

RAID technique which splits data, instructions, and information across multiple disks in the array

Front 67

Network Attached Storage

Back 67

A server that is placed on a network with the sole purpose of providing storage to users, computers, and devices attached to the network

Front 68

Storage Appliance

Back 68

A network attached storage server that has its own IP address; does not have a keyboard and contains at least one hard disk

Front 69

Storage Area Network/SAN

Back 69

High-speed network with the sole purpose of providing storage to other attached servers

Front 70

Tape

Back 70

Magnetically coated ribbon of plastic that is capable of storing large amounts of data and information at a low cost

Front 71

Tape Drive

Back 71

Reads from and writes on a magnetic tape

Front 72

Tape Cartridge

Back 72

Small, rectangular, plastic housing for tape

Front 73

Tape Library

Back 73

Individual tape cartridges that are mounted in a separate cabinet

Front 74

Magnetic Stripe Card

Back 74

A credit card, entertainment card, bank card, or other similar card with a stripe that contains information identifying you and the card

Front 75

Sequential Access

Back 75

Reading or writing consecutively

Front 76

Smart Card

Back 76

Alternative to a magnetic stripe card, stores data on an integrated circuit embedded in the card

Front 77

RFID Tags

Back 77

Consists of an antenna and a memory chip that contains the information to be transmitted via radio waves

Front 78

Microfiche

Back 78

Small sheet of film, usually about 4x6 inches

Front 79

Microfilm

Back 79

100 to 215 foot roll of film

Front 80

Computer Output MIcrofilm Recorder

Back 80

Device that records the images on the film