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124 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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1. Access Provider
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The Company that provides you with Internet access and, in some cases, an online account on their computer system.
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2. Active Window
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The top or front window in a multiple window environment.
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3. Application
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Software that lets users does relatively complex tasks, as well as creates and modify documents. Common application types include word processors, spreadsheets, database mangers, and presentation graphics programs
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4. A/V (Audio Visual)
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AV Macintosh models have video-capture hardware and have sophisticated sound (and video) recording capabilities.
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5. Byte
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The amount of memory needed to store one character such as a letter or a number. Equal to 8 bits of digital information. The standard measurement unit of a file size.
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6. Bandwidth
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The capacity of the transmission medium stated in bits per second or as a frequency. The bandwidth of optical fiber is in the gigabit or billion bits per second range, while ethernet coaxial cable is in the megabit or million bits per second range.
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7. Binary
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A numbering system with only two values: 0 (zero) and 1 (one).
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8. Binary Number System
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A counting system used in computers consisting of only 1’s and 0’s (zeros).
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9. BIOS
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Basic Input-output System. Part of the computer’s operating system that is built into the machine, rather than read from a disk drive at startup.
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10. Bit
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A unit of measurements that represents on figure or character of data. A bit is the smallest unit of storage in a
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11. Booting
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Starting up a computer via the power switch, which loads the system software into memory. Restarting the computer via a keystroke combination is called rebooting or a warm boot.
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12. Broadcast
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A packet whose special address results in its being heard by all hosts on a computer network.
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13. Browser
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A program that enables you to access information on the internet through a World Wide Web.
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14. Cache
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An area of RAM reserved for data recently read from disk, which allows the processor to quickly retrieve it if it’s needed again
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15. CD-Rom
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Compact Disk, Read-Only Memory. A type of storage device as a large hard disk (600MB), making it a popular means of distributing fonts, photos, electronic encyclopedias, games, and multimedia offerings, As the name indicates, however, you can’t save or change files on a CD-ROM, only read them.
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16. Clipboard
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An area used temporarily store cut of copied information. The Clipboard can store text, graphics, objects, and other data. The Clipboard contents are erased when new information is placed on the Clipboard or when the computer is shit down.
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17. Compression
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The reduction in size of an image file. See also lossy and non-lossy.
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18. Cookies
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A file sent to a web browser by a web server that is used to record once’s activities.
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19. CPU
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Central Processing Unit; that brains of the computer. The CPU interprets and executes the actual computing tasks.
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20. Crash
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A problem (often caused by a bug) that causes a program, or the entire operating system, to unexpectedly stop working.
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21. Cursor
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The representation of the mouse on the screen. It may take many different shapes. Example: I-bam, arrow, and hand.
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22. Cyberspace
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A term used to refer the electronic universe of information available through the Internet.
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23. Database
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A file created by a database manager that contains a collection of information organized into records, each of which contains labeled categories (called fields).
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24. Digital
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Data or Voltages consisting of discrete steps or levels, as opposed to continuously variable analog data.
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25. Direct Connection
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A permanent communication connection between your computer system (either a single CPU or a LAN) and the Internet. This is also called a leased line connection because you are leasing the telephone connection from the phone company. A direct connection is in contras to a SLIP/PPP or dial-up connection.
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26. Disc Defragmenter
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Arranges the blocks of information for a file into adjacent blocks on your hard drive, which may significantly improve the file access times.
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27. DNS (Domain Name System)
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A computer that converts host names, such as rohan.sdsu.edu. to its corresponding IP Address, such as 191.130.1.10. An SDSU computer provides this service any time mail is sent or received and permits users to use TELNET and FTP between SDUS and other sites.
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28. DOS – Disk Operating System
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The operating system used on IBM personal computers and compatible machines.
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29. Download
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To retrieve a file from another computer using a modern.
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30. Driver
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Apiece of software that tells the computer how to operate an external device, such as a printer, hard disk, CD-ROM drive, or scanner. For instance, you can’t print unless you have a printer driver. Hard disk drivers are invisible files that are loaded into memory when you start the computer, while scanner drivers are usually plug-ins accessed from within a particular application.
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31. E-mail- Electronic Mail
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Private messages sent between users on different computers, either over a network or via a modern connection to an on-line service or BBS.
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32. Encryption
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A way of coding information in a file or e-mail message so that if it is intercepted by a third party as it travels over a network it cannot be read.
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33. Ethernet
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A IEEE 802.3 standard data link layer which can operate over several different media including fiber optic, coaxial cable and twisted-pair cable. This 10 million-bit-per-second networking scheme is widely used on campus because it can network a wide variety of computers; it is not proprietary; and components are widely available from many commercial sources.
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34. File
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A collection of information on a disk, usually a document or a program, that's lumped together and called by one name.
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35. Filter
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A piece of software that an application uses for file-format conversion or special effects. PageMaker, for example, has a filter that lets it import Microsoft Word files, while Photoshop has dozens of filters for special effects (such as image blurring). Filters can be part of the main application or external programs called plug-ins.
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36. Firewall
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A mechanism that isolates a network from the rest of the Internet, permitting only specific traffic to pass in and out.
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37. Folder
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an object that can hold other objects, such as other folders and files.
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38. Font
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The software that creates a typeface on a computer screen.
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39. Format
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To initialize a disk to prepare it for use. The disk is checked for errors and organized so that data can be recorded and retrieved. Formatting a used disk erases any previously stored information.
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40. FTP
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File Transfer Protocol. The Internet standard high-level protocol for transferring files from one computer to another across the network.
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41. Gateway
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A special-purpose dedicated computer that attaches to two or more disparate networks and converts data packets from one form to another.
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42. Gigabyte (GB)
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Gigabyte. A unit of data storage size which represents 10^9 (one billion) characters of information.
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43. Gigabit (Gb)
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Gigabit. 10^9 bits of information (usually used to express a data transfer rate; as in, 1 Gigabit/second = 1Gbps).
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44. GIF
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Graphic Interchange Format (pronounced jiff). A file compression format developed by CompuServe for transferring graphic files to and from on-line services.
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45. Hacker
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Slang term for a technically sophisticated computer user who enjoys exploring computer systems and programs, sometimes to the point of obsession.
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46. Highlight
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The lightest tones in an image. A spectral highlight is a bright, reflected light source.
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47. Home Page
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The document that is displayed when you first open a web client program. Also, commonly used to refer to the first document you come to in a collection of documents on a Web site.
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48. Host
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The main computer system to which users are connected.
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49. HTML
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HyperText Markup Language. A system for tagging various parts of a Web document that tells the Web client programs how to display the document's text, links, graphics and attached media.
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50. Hue
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The color of an object perceived by the eye due to the fact that a single or pair of RGB primary colors predominates.
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51. Hypertext
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A text-linking strategy that lets you jump between related information in a document by clicking on a button or highlighted word. On-line help systems often use hypertext links, as do some programs designed for the electronic distribution of documents.
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52. Icon
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A graphic symbol, usually representing a file, folder, disk or tool.
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53. Import
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To bring data into a document from another document, often generated by a different application.
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54. Inactive Window
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A window that is open but is not the top window.
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55. Installer
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A utility that copies system software or an application from floppy disks or a CD-ROM to your hard disk. An Installer may also decompress the new files, remove obsolete files, place extensions and control panels in their proper folders, and/or create new folders.
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56. Internet
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The Internet (note the capital I) is the largest internet in the world. It is a three level hierarchy composed of backbone networks (e.g., NSFNET, MILNET), mid-level networks, and stub networks. The Internet is a multiprotocol internet.
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57. IP Address
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Network addresses are usually of two types: (1) the physical or hardware address of a network interface card; for Ethernet this 48-bit address might be 0260.8C00.7666. The hardware address is used to forward packets within a physical network. (2) The logical or IP Address is used to facilitate moving data between physical networks and is made up of a network number, a subnetwork number, and a host number. All Internet addresses at SDSU have a network number of 130.191, a subnet number in the range of 1-254, and a host number in the range of 1-254.
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58. ISP
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Internet Service Provider. A company that provides access to the Internet. A service provider can offer simple dial-up access, SLIP/PPP access, or a dedicated line.
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59. JAVA
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An object-oriented programming language to create executable content (i.e. self-running applications) that can be easily distributed through networks like the Web.
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60. Jpeg-
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Joint Photographic Experts Group is a graphic file format that has a sophisticated technique for compressing full-color bit mapped graphics, such as photographs.
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61. Kilobyte
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KB)- KiloByte. A unit of data storage size which represents 10^3 (one thousand) characters of information.
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62. Kilobit (Kb)-
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Kilobit. 10^3 bits of information (usually used to express a data transfer rate; as in, 1 Kilobit/second = 1Kbps = 1Kb).
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63. Keyword
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Specified words used in text search engines
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64. LAN
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Local Area Network. A network of directly-connected machines (located in close proximity), providing high speed communication over physical media such as fiber optics, coaxial cable, or twisted pair wiring
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65. Laser Printer
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Although a number of devices employ laser technology to print images, this normally refers to black-and-white desktop printers, which use the dry toner, xerographic printing process.
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66. Links
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Synonymous with anchors, hotlinks and hyperlinks.
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67. Login
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The account name used to access a computer system.
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68. Mainframe
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A large, multi-tasking computer that is used by many users.
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69. Megabit (Mb)-
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Megabit. 10^6 bits of information (usually used to express a data transfer rate; as in, 1 Megabit/second = 1Mbps).
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70. Megabyte (MB)-
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MegaByte. A unit of data storage size which represents 10^6 (one million) characters of information.
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71. Megahertz (MH
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A million cycles (occurrences, alterations, pulses) per second. Used to describe the speed at which a computer's processor (or CPU) operates.
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72. Memory
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In general, another word for dynamic RAM, the chips where the computers store system software, programs, and data you are currently using. Other kinds of computer memory you may encounter are parameter RAM (PRAM), video RAM (VRAM), and static RAM (SRAM). Most computer memory is volatile, that is, its contents are lost when the computer shuts down.
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73. Menu
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A list of commands.
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74. Menu Bar
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The horizontal bar that contains the names of available menus. The menu bar is located below the title bar.
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75. MIDI
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Musical Instrument Digital Interface. A technology that enables a computer to record and play musical performance.
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76. Modem
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A device which converts digital signals into analog signals (and back) for transmission over telephone lines (modulator and demodulator).
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77. Motherboard
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The heart, soul, and brains of a computer. This plastic board resembles a miniature city, but its buildings are actually chips for things like the processing, RAM, and ROM, and the tiny roads connecting them are circuit traces. Also called the logic board. There are no fatherboards or sonboards, but see daughterboard.
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78. Mpeg
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Moving Pictures Expert Group. MPEG is an international standard for video compression and desktop movie presentation. You need a special viewing application to run the MPEG movies on your computer. MPEG II is a newer standard for broadcast-quality video.
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79. Multimedia
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Any presentation or software program that combines several media, such as graphics, sound, video, animation, and/or text.
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80. Multitasking
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The capability of an operating system to handle multiple processing tasks, apparently, at the same time.
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81. Netiquette
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A form of online etiquette. This term refers to an informal code of conduct that governs what is generally considered to be the acceptable way for users to interact with one another online.
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82. Network
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In general, a group of computers set up to communicate with one another. Your network can be a small system that's physically connected by cables (a LAN), or you can connect separate networks together to form larger networks (called WANs). The Internet, for example, is made up of thousands of individual networks.
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83. On-line
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Actively connected to other computers or devices. You're on-line when you've logged on to a network, BBS, or on-line service. A device such as a printer is on-line when it's turned on and accessible to a computer. If you're not on-line then you're off-line.
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84. Operating System
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Software that supervises and controls tasks on a computer.
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85. Paint
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The oldest and most limited Macintosh graphic file format, holding only black-and-white bit maps at 72 dpi. Paint files (file type PNTG) are limited to 8 by 10 inches.
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86. Parallel Cable
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A cable used to connect peripheral devices through a computer's parallel port. A type of port that transmits data in parallel (several bits side by side).
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87. Paste
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To insert information from the Clipboard. Information can be pasted multiple times.
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88. PDF
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Portable Document Format. A PDF file is an electronic facsimile of a printed document.
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89. Peripheral
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A piece of hardware that's outside the main computer. It usually refers to external hardware such as disk drives, printers, and scanners sold by a third party.
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90. Pixel
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Picture element. Digital images are composed of touching pixels, each having a specific color or tone. The eye merges differently colored pixels into continuous tones.
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91. POP (Server)
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A server using the Post Office Protocol, which holds users' incoming e-mail until they read or download it.
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92. Port
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One of several rendezvous points where TCP/IP connections can be made on a computer. Ports are numbered, with several locations reserved for specific types of network activity, such as telnet on port 23, HTTP traffic on port 80 and USENET news (NNTP) on port 119.
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93. Properties
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Information about an object, including settings or options for that object. For example, you look at properties of a file for information such as the file size, file type, and file attributes.
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94. Protocols
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When data is being transmitted between two or more devices something needs to govern the controls that keep this data intact. A formal description of message formats and the rules two computers must follow to exchange those messages. Protocols can describe low-level details of machine-to-machine interfaces (e.g., the order in which bits and bytes are sent across wire) or high-level exchanges between application programs (e.g., the way in which two programs transfer a file across the Internet).
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95. Query
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The process by which a web client requests specific information from a web server, based on a character string that is passed along.
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96. QuickTime
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A file extension for videos or "movies" (like animations) compressed using their QuickTime format.
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97. RAM
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Random Access Memory. RAM is the most common type of computer memory, and it's where the computer stores system software, programs, and data you are currently using. It's formally called dynamic RAM (DRAM) because it's volatile, that is, the contents are lost when you turn off the computer (or crash). It's pronounced ram and measured in megabytes.
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98. Resolution
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In general, this refers to how sharp and clear an image looks on screen or on paper, and how much detail you can see. It's usually determined by the number of dots (or pixels) per square inch (the more there are, the higher the resolution) and is used to describe printers, monitors, and scanners.
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99. ROM
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Read-Only Memory. It's like software that's hard-wired into your computer - basic, permanent information that tells it things like how to load up the operating system when you turn it on.
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100. Router
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A special purpose computer that attaches to two or more networks and routes packets from one network to the other. A router uses network layer addresses (such as IP Addresses) to determine if packets should be sent from one network to another. Routers send packets to other routers until they arrive at their final destination.
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101. RTF
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Rich Text Format. A file format for text files that includes formatting instructions. Also called Interchange Format.
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102. Scanner
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A device that converts images (such as photographs) into digital form so that they can be stored and manipulated on computers.
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103. Screen Saver
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A moving picture or pattern that is displayed on the screen when no activity takes place for a specified period of time.
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104. Scripts
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A type of program that consists of a set of instructions for another application or utility to use.
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105. Scroll Bar
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The bar that appears at the right side or the bottom of a window that contains more information that can be displayed. The scroll bar is used to scroll an object or parts of a document into view when the entire object or document does not fit in the window.
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106. Search Engines
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A type of software that creates indexes of databases or Internet sites based on the titles of files, key words, or the full text of files.
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107. Server
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A computer that shares its resources, such as printers and files, with other computers on the network. An example of this is a Novell NetWare Server which shares its disk space with a workstation that does not have a disk drive of its own.
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108. Shareware
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Software that you can try before you buy. It's distributed through on-line services, BBSs, and user groups. You're allowed to try it out and give copies to others, but if you want to keep using it, you must pay the registration fee.
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109. Site
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Organization or facility where a host is located.
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110. SMPT
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Simple Mail Transfer Protocol. Internet standard protocol for transferring electronic mail messages from one computer to another. SMTP specifies how two mail systems interact and the format of control messages they exchange to transfer mail.
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111. Spam
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Refers to the practice of blindly posting commercial messages or advertisements to a large number of unrelated and uninterested newsgroups
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112. Spreadsheet
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A number-related document whereby calculations and formulas are applied to the data organized in rows and columns of cells.
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113. Taskbar
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An area that runs across the bottom (usually) of the Windows 95 desktop. Running applications are represented as buttons on the taskbar, the current window is shown as a depressed button, all other applications are displayed as raised buttons.
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114. TIFF
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Tag Image File Format. A graphic file format, TIFF files are also bit maps, but they can be any size, resolution, or color depth. It is the most versatile, reliable, and widely supported bit-mapped format and is the standard format for saving scanned images. However, the format does have several variations which means that occasionally an application may have trouble opening a TIFF file created by another program.
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115. Title Bar
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The horizontal bar at the top of a window. The title bar shows the name of the window.
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116. Toolbar
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A collection of buttons that typically make the more common tools for an application easily accessible.
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117. URL
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Uniform Resource Locator, a string of characters that represents the location or address of a resource on the Internet and how that resource should be accessed. World Wide Web pages are assigned a unique URL. Each hyperlink on a web page contains the URL of the page to be linked to. http://rohan.sdsu.edu/glossary.shtml is the URL for this page.
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118. User ID
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The string of characters that identifies you. The name by which you are known to the network. Also known as username.
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119. Virus
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A program that replicates itself from one file or disk to another without your consent. They are spread through floppy disks, networks, and on-line services and can go undetected (unless you have an antiviral utility) until something goes wrong. Some viruses deliberately destroy data, and even those designed to be benign can cause crashes, slowdowns, and file corruption.
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120. Wallpaper
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A graphical pattern displayed on the desktop.
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121. Web Browser
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Also known as a Web client program, this software allows you to access and view HTML documents. Netscape, Mosaic, Lynx, WinWeb, and MacWeb are some examples of Web browsers.
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122. Web Page
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A document created with HTML that is part of a group of hypertext documents or resources available on the World Wide Web.
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123. Webmaster
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A person or group of people who maintain and administer a web server. Webmaster also refers to a standard Email address at most web hosts where comments and questions can be sent.
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124. Wide Area Network (WAN)
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Network spanning multiple geographic distances, usually connected by telephone lines, microwave, or satellite links.
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