Computer Literacy 12,13, 14

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COMPUTER NETWORK

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TWO OR MORE COMPUTERS THAT SHARE RESOURCES

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PEER-TO-PEER NETWORK P2P

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ONE IN WHICH EACH COMPUTER IS CONSIDERED EQUAL. EACH DEVICE CAN SHARE ITS RESOURCES WITH EVERY OTHER DEVICE, AND THERE IS NO CENTRALIZED AUTHORITY

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HOMEGROUP

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CONSISTS OF COMPUTERS ON A HOME NETWORK RUNNING WINDOWS 7 OR LATER THAT ARE CONFIGURED WITH THE SAME HOMEGROUP INFORMATION

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CLIENT-SERVER NETWORK

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NETWORK THAT HAS AT LEAST ONE SERVER AT ITS CENTER

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SERVER

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MULTIUSER COMPUTER SYSTEM THAT RUNS A NETWORKING OPERATING SYSTEM AND PROVIDES SERVICES-SUCH AS INTERNET ACCESS, EMAIL, OR FILE AND PRINT SERVICES-TO CLIENT SYSTEMS

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CLIENTS

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PERSONAL COMPUTERS AND OTHER DEVICES THAT CONNECT TO THE SERVER

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LOCAL AREA NETWORK (LAN)

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NETWORK THAT HAS ALL CONNECTED DEVICES OR NODES LOCATED IN THE SAME PHYSICAL LOCATION

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SWITCHES

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CONNECTS DEVICES ON A LAN

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PERSONAL AREA NETWORK (PAN)

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SMALL NETWORK THAT CONSISTS OF DEVICES BY BLUETOOTH, SUCH AS A SMARTPHONE AND A COMPUTER

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WIRELESS LAN OR WLAN

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USES WIFI TO TRANSFER DATA

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ETHERNET STNADARDS

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DEFINE THE WAY DATA IS TRANSMITTED OVER A LOCAL AREA NETWORK

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STANDARDS

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SPECIFICATIONS THAT HAVE BEEN DEFINED BY AN INDUSTRY ORGANIZATION, WHICH ENSURES THAT EQUIPMENT THAT IS MADE BY DIFFERENT COMPANIES THAT WILL WORK TOGETHER

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TOPOLOGY

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PHYSICAL LAYOUT OF A LAN

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BUS TOPOLOGY

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NODES ARE CONNECTED USING A SINGLE CABLE

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RING TOPOLOGY

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DEVICES ARE CONNECTED BY A SINGLE CABLE BUT THE ENDS OF THE CABLE ARE CONNECTED IN A CIRCLE AND THE DATA TRAVELS AROUND THE CIRCLE IN ONE DIRECTION

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STAR TOPOLOGY

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EVERY NODE ON THE NETWORK IS ATTACHED TO A CENTRAL DEVICE, SUCH AS A SWITCH OR WIRELESS ACCESS POINT

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WIDE AREA NETWORK (WAN)

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A NETWORK THAT SPANS MULTIPLE LOCATIONS AND CONNECTS MULTIPLE LANS OVER DEDICATED LINES BY USING ROUTERS

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ROUTER

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DEVICE THAT CONNECTS TWO OR MORE NETWORKS TOGETHER

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VIRTUAL PRIVATE NETWORK (VPN)

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CREATES A PRIVATE NETWORK THOUGH THE PUBLIC NETWORK- THE INTERNET- ENABLING REMOTE USERS TO ACCESS A LAN SECURELY WITHOUT NEEDING DEDICATED LINES

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ENTERPRISE NETWORK

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LANS ARE CONNECTED TO EACH OTHER USING ROUTERS TECHNICALLY CREATING A WAN

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METROPOLITAN AREA NETWORK (MAN)

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NETWORK THAT COVERS A SINGLE GEOGRAPHIC AREA

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CELLULAR NETWORK

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USE CELL TOWERS TO TRANSMIT VOICE AND DATA OVER LARGE DISTANCES

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STORAGE AREA NETWORK (SAN)

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MOVES AND STORES INFORMATION BETWEEN DATA STORAGE DEVICES AND SERVERS ON A NETWORK MAKING THE DATA ACCESSIBLE TO ALL SERVERS IN THE SAN

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NETWORK ADAPTER

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COMMUNICATION DEVICE THAT ESTABLISHES A CONNECTION WITH A NETWORK

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WIRELESS ADAPTER

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CAN BE BUILT INTO A SMARTPHONE OR NOTEBOOK COMPUTER AND PROVIDES A CONNECTION TO THE CELLULAR NETWORK FOR NETWORK ACCESS

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802.11 STANDARDS

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ENSURE THAT DEVICES DEVELOPED BY DIFFERENT VENDORS WILL WORK WITH EACH OTHER

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OPTICAL NETWORK TERMINAL (ONT)

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DEVICE ON A NETWORK THAT CONNECTS TO THE INTERNET

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AD HOC NETWORK

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CREATED WHEN TWO WIRELESS DEVICES CONNECT TO EACH OTHER DIRECTLY

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INFRASTRUCTURE WIRELESS NETWORK

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DEVICES CONNECT THROUGH A WIRELESS ACCESS POINT

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WIRELESS ACCESS POINT (WAP)

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DEVICE THAT ENABLES WIRELESS DEVICES TO JOIN A WIFI NETWORK

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FIREWALL

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BLOCKS UNAUTHORIZED ACCESS TO A NETWORK

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CLIENT FOR MICROSOFT NETWORKS

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ENABLES A COMPUTER TO REMOTELY ACCESS FILES AND PRINTERS ON A MICROSOFT NETWORK

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NETWORKING OPERATING SYSTEM (NOS)

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MULTIUSER OPERATING SYSTEM THAT CONTROLS THE SOFTWARE AND HARDWARE THAT RUNS ON A NETWORK

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DOMAIN

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NETWORK COMPOSED OF A GROUP OF CLIENTS AND SERVERS UNDER THE CONTROL OF ONE CENTRAL SECURITY DATABASE ON A SPECIAL SERVER CALLED THE DOMAIN CONTROLLER

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PROTOCOLS

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DEFINE THE RULES FOR COMMUNICATION BETWEEN DEVICES

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TCP/IP PROTOCOL STACK

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SUITE OF PROTOCOLS THAT DEFINE MANY TYPES OF DATA MOVEMENT INCLUDING THE TRANSFER OF FILES AND WEBPAGES, SENDING AND RECEIVING, AND NETWORK CONFIGURATION

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TRANSMISSION CONTROL PROTOCOL-TCP

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RESPONSIBLE FOR ENSURING THAT DATA PACKETS ARE TRANSMITTED RELIABLY

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INTERNET PROTOCOL-IP

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RESPONSIBLE FOR ADDRESSING AND ROUTING PACKETS TO THIER DESTINATION

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CYBERCRIME

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CRIMINAL ACTIVITY ON THE INTERNET

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PHISHING

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USES EMAIL MESSAGES OR IMS THAT APPEAR TO BE FROM THOSE YOU DO BUSINESS WITH TO TRICK THE RECEIVER INTO REVEALING INFORMATION SUCH AS USERNAMES AND PASSWORDS FOR YOUR ACCOUNTS

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PHARMING

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REDIRECTS RECIPIENTS TO A PHONY WEBSITE

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CLICKJACKING

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LINK THAT, WHEN CLICKED, ENABLES MALWARE TO POST UNWANTED LINKS ON A SOCIAL NETWORKING PAGE

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MALICIOUS SCRIPT

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SCRIPT THAT WHEN EXECUTED CREATES A PAGES AND EVENTS OR SENDS SPAM EMAIL MESSAGES

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COMPUTER FRAUD

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SCHEME THAT CONVINCES VICTIMS TO VOLUNTARILY AND KNOWINGLY GIVE MONEY OR PROPERTY TO A PERSON

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IDENTITY THEFT

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OCCURS WHEN SOMEONE USES YOUR NAME, SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBER, OR BANK CREDIT CARD NUMBER FRAUDENTLY

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KEYLOGGERS

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PASSWORD-STEALING SOFTWARE THAT CAPTURE WHAT IS TYPED ON A KEYBOARD

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HACKING

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THE ACT OF GAINING UNAUTHORIZED ACCESS TO A COMPUTER SYSTEM OR NETWORK

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HACKTIVISM

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HACKING MAKE A POLITICAL STATEMENT

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CYBERTERRORISM

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AN UNLAWFUL ATTACK AGAINST COMPUTERS OR NETWORKS TO INTIMIDAT A GOVERNMENT OR ITS PEOPLE FOR A POLITICAL OR SOCIAL AGENDA

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MALWARE

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MALICIOUS SOFTWARE THAT INCLUDES DIFFERENT TYPES OF PROGRAMS THAT ARE DESIGNED TO BE HARMFUL OR MALICIOUS

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SPAMMING

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SENDING MASS, UNSOLICITED EMAIL MESSAGES

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COOKIE

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SMALL TEXT FILE MANY WEBSITES PUT ON A COMPUTER WHEN VISITED

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ADWARE

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ONE OF THE MOST ANNOYING FORMS OF MALWARE THAT SHOWS ADS USUALLY IN THE FORM OF POP-UPS OR BANNER ADS ON WEBSITES OR IN SOFTWARE

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SPYWARE

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FORM OF MALWARE THAT SECRETLY GATHERS PERSONAL INFORMATION

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BROWSER HIJACKER

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SPYWARE THAT CHANGES YOUR HOME PAGE AND REDIRECTS YOU TO OTHER WEBSITES

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COMPUTER VIRUS

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PROGRAM THAT REPLICATES ITSELF AND INFECTS COMPUTERS

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VIRUS HOAXES

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TRICK YOU INTO BEHAVIOR THAT CAN BE HARMFUL, SUCH AS SEARCHING FOR AND DELETING FILES THAT COMPUTER ACTUALLY NEEDS

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LOGIC BOMB

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BEHAVES LIKE A VIRUS IN THAT IT PERFORMS A MALICIOUS ACT SUCH AS DELETING FILES

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TIME BOMB

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WHEN A LOGIC BOMB TRIGGERED BY A SPECIFIC DATE AND TIME

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WORM

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SELF-REPLICATING BUT DOES NOT NEED A HOST TO TRAVEL

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BOTNET

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COMPUTER ZOMBIES OR BOTS CONTROLLED BY A MASTER

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DENIAL-OF-SERVICE ATTACK (DOS)

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PERPETRATED BY SENDING OUT SO MUCH TRAFFIC BUT IT CRIPPLES A SERVER OR NETWORK

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TROJAN HORSE

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PROGRAM THAT APPEARS TO BE LEGITIMATE BUT IS ACTUALLY MALICIOUS

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ROOTKIT

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SET OF PROGRAMS THAT ENABLES SOMEONE TO GAIN CONTROL OVER A COMPUTER SYSTEM WHILE HIDIN THE FACT THAT THE COMPUTER JAS BEEN COMPROMISED

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ANTIVIRUS SOFTWARE

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SCANS FILES ON A COMPUTER, CALLED SIGNATURE CHECKING, TO SEARCH KNOWN VIRUSES

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ANTISPYWARE SOFTWARE

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PREVENTS ADWARE AND SPYWARE SOFTWARE FROM INSTALLING ITSELF ON A COMPUTER

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SECURITY SUITES

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PACKAGES OF SECURITY SOFTWARE THAT INCLUDE A COMBINATION OF FEATURES

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SERVICE SET IDENTIFIER (SSID)

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WIRELESS NETWORK NAME OF A WIRELESS ROUTER

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WIRELESS ENCRYPTION

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ADDS SECURITY TO A WIRELESS NETWORK BOY ENCRYPTING TRANSMITTED DATA

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WIFI PROTECTED SETUP (WPS)

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A WAY TO AUTOMATICALLY CONFIGURE DEVICES TO CONNECT TO A NETWORK BY USING A BUTTON, A PERSONAL IDENTIFICATION NUMBER (PIN) OR A USB KEY

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PIGGYBACKING

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MEANS USING ANOPEN WIRELESS NETWORK TO ACCESS THE INTERNET WITHOUT PERMISSION

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WARDRIVING

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MEANS DRIVING AROUND AND LOCATING OPEN WIRELESS ACCESS POINTS

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ADMINISTRATOR ACCOUNT

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FOR MAKING CHANGES, INSTALLING SOFTWARE, CONFIGURING SETTINGS, AND COMPLETING OTHER TASKS

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STANDARD ACCOUNT

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FOR EVERYDAY COMPUTING

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GUEST ACCOUNT

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FOR USERS WHO NEED TEMPORARY ACCESS TO A SYSTEM

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USER ACCOUNT CONTROL (UAC)

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NOTIFIES USERS BEFORE CHANGES ARE MADE ON A WINDOWS COMPUTER

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PASSWORD MANAGER

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STORES PASSWORDS AND CAN ALSO BE USED TO GENERATE PASSWORDS THAT ARE MORE SECURE BECAUSE THEY ARE RANDOMLY GENERATED

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KEYCHAIN

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A FEATURE IN OS X THAT STORES VARIOUS PASSWORDS AND PASSPHRASES IN PLACE AND MAKES THEM ACCESSIBLE THROUGH A MASTER PASSWORD

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BIOMETRIC SCANNERS

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MEASURE HUMAN CHARACTERISTICS, SUCH AS FINGERPRINTS, RETINAS, OR VOICE PATTERNS FOR VERIFICATION

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ENCRYPTION

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CONVERTS UNENCRYPTED, PLAIN TEXT INTO CODE CALLED CIPHERTEXT

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ENCRYPTING FILE SYSTEM (EFS)

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FEATURE INCLUDED IN WINDOWS THAT ENABLES THE ENCRYPTION OF INDIVIDUAL FILES

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BITLOCKER

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FEATURE INCLUDED IN WINDOWS THAT ENABLES THE ENCRYPTION OF AN ENTIRE DRIVE

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FILEVAULT

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SIMILAR FEATURE IN OS X THAT ENCRYPTS THE CONTENTS OF THE HARD DISK

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ACCEPTABLE USE POLICY (AUP)

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IS A POLICY MANY BUSINESSES AND SCHOOLS HAVE BY WHICH COMPUTER AND NETWORK USERS MUS ABIDE