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92 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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List 4 basic functions of a computer
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input, processes (data), stores (data) and produces output
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representation of a fact or idea (quantity, date, code, etc.)
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data
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organized, meaningful data (monthly sales)
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information
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binary digit - 0 or 1
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bit
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each letter, number, and character - a string of eight 0s and 1s
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byte
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How many bits are there in a byte?
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8 bits
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2 broad categories of a computer
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hardware & software
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consists of the physical devices that make up your computer system
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hardware
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the set of instructions that your computer hardware executes to process information for you
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software
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2 types of software
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system software & application software
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consists of programs to control the operations of computer equipment such as writing to a disk and sending a document to your printer
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system software
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primary type of system software
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operating system
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coordinates instructions between software and hardware - includes operating system and utility programs
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system software
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software that allows you to perform specific information - processing tasks such as managing inventory, paying accounts, handling payroll, writing a term paper, or creating slides for presentations
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application software
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4 different types of hardware
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input, storage, processing, output
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examples of input devices:
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keyboard, mouse/pointing device, microphone, scanner, digital camera, stylus
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examples of output devices:
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monitors, printers, speakers
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examples of storage devices:
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hard drive, CD and DVD, flash drives
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What are dots per inch used for?
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resolution of a printer
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The motherboard includes the ____ and ____ and has ______ and _____.
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CPU, RAM, Expansion cards, slots
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provide new connections for peripheral devices; add functions (common types: sound, modem, video (VGA), network (NIC))
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expansion cord
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What does RAM stand for?
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Random Access Memory
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What is the purpose of the RAM?
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stores machine instructions and data during processing
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Instructions are fed into the CPU from the ____.
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RAM
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stores machine instructions and data during processing
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RAM
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Application software when dealing with Microsoft Products?
Which one is the word processing, spreadsheet, presentation, database software? |
Microsoft Word, Microsoft Excel, Microsoft PowerPoint, Microsoft Access
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translates spoken words into typed text; distinguishes your words and word groupings to form sentences
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automatic speech recognition
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What are the Major Issues with Automatic Speech Recognition?
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- ASR must be flexible to recognize the voices of many people
- Some systems are limited in recognizing continuous speech patterns. - Speech not yet understood within the text of a conversation. |
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Types of Business Software:
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1. Transaction Processing System (TPS)
2. Management Information Systems (MIS) 3. Decision support systems (DSS) 4. Expert System |
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What type of business software captures and records information about organization's transactions?
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Transaction Processing System (TPS)
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What type of business software takes information captured by the TPS (Transaction Processing System) and produces reports for planning and control?
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Management information systems (MIS)
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What type of business software explores impact of available options or decisions? (What-if scenarios)
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Decision support systems (DSS)
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What type of business software was the first usable form of artificial intelligence? It was used to automate the decision making process and simulates the decision making process of an expert using an expert's knowledge base. It consists of two parts the inference engine and the knowledge base.
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Expert System
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free to use; source is also available, you can modify
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open source
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form of legal protection granting exclusive rights to program author or copyright owner
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copyright
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Copyright provisions
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• Legal to copy distribution disk software to your hard disk
• Legal to make extra copy of software on disk as backup • Only the copyright owner can reproduce, sell, or distribute copyrighted software • Illegal to keep a copy of software that you sell or give away • Illegal to sell or give away modified copies of software without permission |
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a legal contract defining ways you may use a computer program
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license
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Types of licenses:
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shrink wrap, single-user license, multiple-user license, concurrent-user license
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What type of license is used widely by computer industry, eliminates signing and submitting license agreement, and is visible on package when purchased? You agree to the terms of this license by opening the package.
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shrink wrap license
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What type of license limits use of software to one user at a time?
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Single-user license
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What type of license allows more than one user to use particular software?
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Multiple-user license
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What type of license allows a certain number of software copies to be used at the same time?
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Concurrent-user license
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controls computer functions; provides means for software to work with the CPU; responsible for management, scheduling and interaction of tasks
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operating system (OS)
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What type of operating system is a PC?
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single-user multi-task
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What is a function of the operating system that enables you to interact with the computer?
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user-interface
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evolution of user-interace
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1. Command driven
2. Menu driven 3. GUI (Graphical User Interface) |
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What is the user-interface we now have?
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GUI (Graphical User Interface)
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instructions and data are stored on the hard drive when RAM is full (swap file, paging, thrashing)
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virtual memory
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What is one of the main things the boot process does?
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loads the operating system
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keeps track of files; helps you manage the files on your computer
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file management
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path names
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(Drives/Folders/Subfolders/Files)
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4 steps of the machine cycle
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Fetch, Decode, Execute, Store
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Controls the CPU's processing cycles; clock cycle- pulse or tick; clock speed- the number of pulses per second, measured in hertz
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system clock
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small amount of memory located on the CPU chip or near it; stores recent or frequently used instructions and data; used for quick access by the CPU
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cache
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What two things is the CPU made up of?
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Control Unit and Automatic Logic Unit
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What part of the CPU manages the switches inside the CPU = moves each switch to its correct setting?
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Control Unit
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What part of the CPU is designed to perform mathematical operations?
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Automatic Logic Unit
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temporary storage that is volatile
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RAM
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when you turn off the computer, the data is erased
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volatile
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electrical pathway used to move between components; connects the CPU with the memory
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BUS
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connects the CPU with the memory
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BUS
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2 components to look at when evaluating video
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video card (adapter) and monitor)
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When evaluating video, you want the resolution to be a ____ number
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large
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how many pixels there are
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resolution
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What are three ways that help distinguish the quality of a monitor?
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size, resolution, dot pitch
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how close pixels are - similar to dots per inch for printer
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dot pitch
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When the dots are closer together it will be a (better/worse) picture, when referring to dot pitch?
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better
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What is used to connect peripheral devices to the computer?
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port
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What does usb stand for?
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universal serial bus
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What type of port has a transfer rate up to 480 Mbps and can be used for hot swapping?
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USB port
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What type of port connects computers to networks?
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Ethernet port
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Evolution of Switches & Processors
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1. Vacuum Tube
2. Transistor 3. Integrated Circuit |
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For Mainframes, the character set is ______?
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EBCDIC
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How does a computer represent data?
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bits
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How does a computer represent character?
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combination of 1s and 0s
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a character set used on PCs
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ASCII - American Standard Code for Information Interchange
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pictures are represented by ____ graphics?
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bitmap
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4 types of color scales for pictures:
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monochrome - b/w
16-color 256-color or greyscale 24 bit or true-color |
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How many bits per pixel and how many bytes does the monochrome color scale use?
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1 bit per pixel (1/8 byte)
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How many bits per pixel and how many bytes does the 16-color color scale use?
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4 bits per pixel (1/2 byte)
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How many bits per pixel and how many bytes does the 256-color or greyscale use?
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8 bits per pixel (1 bytes)
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How many bits per pixel and how many bytes does the 24 bit or true-color color scale use?
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24 bits (3 bytes)
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How does a computer represent sound?
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by digitizing a sound wave
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Types of Sound:
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Voice, Stereo, Non-stereo music, Music
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What do people look at for quality of sound?
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Sound Card & Speakers
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the main circuit board that contains the central electronic components of the computer, including the computer's processor, its memory, and the may circuit boards that help the computer function
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motherboard
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How many bytes are in a kilobyte and why?
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1,024, power of 2 that it's closest to
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What was Apple's first computer?
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Lisa
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What company invented the GUI?
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Xerox
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What company invented the PC we use today?
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IBM
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What letter is used for the floppy disk drive? the hard disk?
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A, C
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IBM PC created what?
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Spreadsheet
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