Computer Concepts

Front 1

Digitization

Back 1

the process of converting text, numbers, sound, photos, and video into data that can be processed by digital devices

Front 2

Computer Network

Back 2

a group of computers linked together to share data and resources

Front 3

Internet

Back 3

a global computer network originally developed as a military project

Front 4

Web

Back 4

(WWW) a collection of linked documents, graphics, and sounds, that can be accessed over the Internet

Front 5

Cloud Computing

Back 5

provides access to information, applications, communications, and storage over the Internet

Front 6

Convergence

Back 6

a process by which several technologies with distinct functionalities evolve to form a single product

Front 7

Memory

Back 7

an area of a computer that temporarily holds data waiting to be processed, stored, or output

Front 8

Storage

Back 8

an area where data can be left on a permanent basis when it is not immediately needed for processing

Front 9

File

Back 9

a named collection of data that exists on a storage medium (hard disk/CD/DVD/flash drive)

Front 10

Workstation

Back 10

ordinary personal computer that is connected to a network

Front 11

Programming Languages

Back 11

C, BASIC, COBOL, Java

Front 12

PIN

Back 12

something the user knows

Front 13

Sniiffing

Back 13

intercepts information sent out over computer networks

Front 14

Phishing

Back 14

a hacker poses as legitimate representative of an official organization in order to persuade you to disclose highly confidential information

Front 15

Upstream Speed

Back 15

rate of data that is uploaded from your computer to the Internet

Front 16

Downstream Speed

Back 16

the rate of data downloaded to your computer

Front 17

DSL

Back 17

a high-speed, digital, always-on, Internet access technology that runs over standard phone lines

Front 18

DSL modem

Back 18

a device that connects a computer to a telephone line and converts computer data signals into signals compatible with DSL

Front 19

WiMAX

Back 19

Ethernet-compatible network whose popularity is growing (alternative to wired technologies/DSL)

Front 20

3G

Back 20

digital transmission for both voice and data

Front 21

Grid Computing System

Back 21

a network of computers harnessed together to perform processing tasks

Front 22

P2P File Sharing

Back 22

allows users to obtain files from other users located anywhere on the Internet

Front 23

BitTorrent

Back 23

a file sharing protocol that distributes the role of a file server across a collection of dispersed computers

Front 24

Firewall

Back 24

software or hardware designed to filter out suspicious packets attempting to enter or leave a computer

Front 25

Sound Card

Back 25

a device that contains a variety of input and output jacks, plus audio-processing circuitry

Front 26

Bitmap Graphic

Back 26

composed of dots; a scanner converts a printed image into bitmap graphic; can be easily modified; resolution (high=more data); a collection of data; always will keep the same resolution

Front 27

Cropping

Back 27

selecting part of an image

Front 28

Pixelation

Back 28

strong curved or diagonal lines; quality deteriorated

Front 29

Vector Graphic

Back 29

consists of a set of instructions for re-creating a picture; require less storage space; cartoon-like appearance; separate layers easily; maintain smooth edges after changing the size of picture

Front 30

Gradient

Back 30

smooth blending of shades from one color to another color (from light to dark)

Front 31

Rasterization

Back 31

superimposing a grid over a vector image and determining the color for each pixel

Front 32

Rendering

Back 32

process of covering a wireframe with surface color and texture

Front 33

Linear Editing

Back 33

recording segments from one videotape to another tape

Front 34

Nonlinear Editing

Back 34

requires a hard disk and video editing software

Front 35

Codec

Back 35

is the software that compresses a video stream when a video is stored, and decompresses the file when the video is played

Front 36

Abacus

Back 36

manual calculator (ancient)

Front 37

Prototype

Back 37

an experimental device that must be further developed and perfected before going into production and becoming wildly available

Front 38

First-Generation Computers

Back 38

use of vacuum tubes (one-two states) to store individual bits of data

Front 39

Second-Generation Computers

Back 39

used transistors (regulate current or voltage flow and act as a switch for electronic signals

Front 40

Third-Generation Computers

Back 40

minicomputers

Front 41

Fourth-Generation Computers

Back 41

microprocessors

Front 42

Computer Industry

Back 42

encompasses those companies that manufacture computers and computer components

Front 43

IT Industry

Back 43

refers to the companies that develop, produce, sell, or support computers, software, and computer-related products

Front 44

Alpha Test

Back 44

first phase of testing; carried out by the software publisher's in-house testing team

Front 45

Beta Test

Back 45

second phase of testing; carried out by a team of off-site testers

Front 46

Systems Analyst

Back 46

investigates the requirements of a business or an organization, its employees, and its customers in order to plan and implement new or improved computer services

Front 47

Computer Programmer

Back 47

designs, codes, and tests computer programs

Front 48

Database Administrator

Back 48

analyzes a company's data to determine the most effective way to collect and store it

Front 49

Computer Engineer

Back 49

designs and tests new hardware products (computer chips)

Front 50

Information System

Back 50

collects, stores, and processes data to provide useful, accurate, and timely information, typically within the context of an orginization

Front 51

Tactical Planning

Back 51

incremental goals that can be achieved in a year or less

Front 52

Ad Hoc Report

Back 52

a customized report generated to supply specific information not available in scheduled reports

Front 53

Analysis Phase

Back 53

produce a list of requirements for a new or revised information system

Front 54

Design Phase

Back 54

select software and hardware; figure out how the new system will fulfill the requirements necessary

Front 55

Implementation Phase

Back 55

create and test applications; purchase and install hardware/software

Front 56

Maintenance Phase

Back 56

operate equipment; make backups; most expensive and longest

Front 57

Deterrents

Back 57

ex. passwords

Front 58

Corrective Procedures

Back 58

ex. data backups

Front 59

Detection Activities

Back 59

ex. antivirus software (recognizes attacks)

Front 60

Database

Back 60

collection of information

Front 61

Data Mining

Back 61

computer algorithms that analyze information to discover previously unknown yet useful information

Front 62

Data Warehouse

Back 62

data from more than one database

Front 63

Record

Back 63

collection of data fields

Front 64

Field

Back 64

contains the smallest unit of meaningful information

Front 65

Text Data Type

Back 65

hold names; titles

Front 66

Memo Data Type

Back 66

holds comments

Front 67

Logical Data Type

Back 67

holds yes/no, true/false information

Front 68

Data Redundency

Back 68

amount of data that is duplicated in a database