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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Hardware
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any of the electronic components that make up the comp.~~ monitor, cpu, disk drive
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software
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general term for any program that performs calculations and controls what you see on the monitor
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operating system
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master control program that oversees all functions of the comp. and controls what is on the monitor~~ windows
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Central Processing Unit
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CPU
-mainmicroprosser that controls the computer -speed of CPU = speed of software - 3 components- ALU, control unit, set of registers |
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instruction set
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list of keywords that corresponds to all operations that CPU contains
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CISC
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-comples intstrucion set computer
-supports approx. 100 instructions for greater speed |
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RISC
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-reduced instruction set computer
-minimal set of instructions for specialized applications |
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Registers
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specialized storage areas that store values while the instructions operate on them
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ALU
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-arithmetic logic unit
-component of the CPU that supports standard arithmetic functions (+) (-) and logical opeartions (and) (or) |
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control unit
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electronic controller over the operations that the instructions perform~~~brain controls actions
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Hard Disk
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-disk drive, hard drive
-electronic component that is used for storing information -offers RAM memory |
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RAM Memory
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-info can be read from and written to
- offered by hard disk |
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ROM
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-read-only
-found in CPU -nothing can be written over basics of operating system |
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input device
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used to enter info inot the compuer
-keyboards,mouse |
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peripheral device
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any electronic component that is attatched to the computer but is external to it
~~ scanner, monitor, mouse, printer, touch screen, pos, cameras |
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output device
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components whose main purpose is to retrieve processed info that is stored into comp memory
~~ printer, monitor, speakkers |
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personal computer
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small comp epuipped with own operating system an dperipheral devices for one indiviual
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mainframe computer
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multi-user computer capable of processing thousandsd of calculations
--used by large companies |
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binary digit
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composed of 0's and 1's
-how comp stores info |
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bit
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each binary digit
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byte
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8 consecutive bits in comp memory
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binary arithmetic
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base 2 with digits 0-1 only
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binary-coded decimal (BCD)
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used for very large numbers
each decimal digit is stored as a 4-bit binary number |
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EBCDIC
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-Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code
-for IBM mainframe computers - use 8-bit bytes -every letter and symbol corresponds to an 8-bit byte birnary code |
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ASCII
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-American Standard Code for Information Interchange
- used for personal comp -uses 7 out of 8 bits - up to 256 characters |
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JPEG
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-joint photographic experts group
-graphics digital representation for pictures -represents up to 16.7 million color variations for each pixel |
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pixel
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-picture element
-smallest picture element that an output device can handle -a picture is composed of a grid of pictures |
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TIFF
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-Tagged Image File Format
-used for scanned photographic images |
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GIF
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-graphics interchange format
-used to compress graphs and graphic files |
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MPEG
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-moving picture experts group
-compresses digitized videos and animation |
