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11 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
What is computer architecture? (3 things)
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1. instruction-set architecture (hw/sw interface)
2. high-level organization 3. detailed hardware implementation (microarchitecture) |
1. opcodes
2. level 3. switches to rep. logic gates |
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What is the role of the computer architect?
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To design the various levels of a computer system to maximize performance & programmability within the limits of technology and cost.
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To design ____ to maximize ____ within the limits of _____.
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What 4 things must a computer architect be aware of?
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1. measures of cost & performance
2. application characteristics & benchmarks 3. importance of memory hierarchies 4. high-performance design methods |
1. measure of ____
2. application ____ 3. imortance of ____ 4. ____ design methods |
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What is CMOS VLSI?
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CMOS = Complimentary-Symmetry /metal-oxide semiconductor. A major class of integrated circuits. Microprocessor, Micro controller...
VLSI = Very Large-Scale Integration. Creating integrated circuits by combining thousands of transistor-based circuits into a single chip. |
CMOS - semiconductor
VLSI - circuits |
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What is Moore's Law?
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Complexity of integrated circuits, w/ respect to minimum component cost, doubles every 24 months.
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___ doubles every ___ months
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What are 2 techniques for using more transistors?
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1. parallelism in processing
2. locality in data access |
1. multiple operations per cycle reduces CPI
2. avoids latency, reduces CPI |
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What are approaches to solving the problem of larger memories being slower while processors are faster?
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1. transfer more data in parallel
2. deeper cache hierarchies |
1. better way to transfer data?
2. deeper ___? |
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What is execution time?
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It is wall-clock or elapsed time.
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Why is there CPU time in addition to execution time?
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Because multiprogrammed operating systems run other programs which could slow down the execution time of a program.
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multiprogrammed operating systems...
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What two categories can CPU time be divided into?
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1. user time
2. system time |
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What does SPEC stand for?
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Standard Performance Evaluation Consortium
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