Computer

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Computer Communications

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describes a process in which two or more computers or devices transfer data, instructions, and information.

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Text Messaging

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allows users to send and receive short text messages on a phone or other mobile device or computer.

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Picture Messaging

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allows users to send pictures and sound files.

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Video Messaging

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allows users to send short video clips.

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Wireless Instant Messaging

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allows wireless users to exchange real‐time messages with one or more other users.

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Wireless Internet Access Points

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allow people to connect wirelessly to the Internet from home, work, school, and in many public locations.

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Cybercafé

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is a coffeehouse, restaurant, or other location that provides personal computers with Internet access to its customers.

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Global Positioning System (GPS)

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is a navigation system that consists of one or more earth‐based receivers that accept and analyze signals sent by satellites in order to determine the GPS receiver’s geographic location

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Groupware

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Helps groups of people work together on projects and share information over a network.

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Voice Mail

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Allows someone to leave a voice message for one or more people.

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Collaboration Software

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includes tools that enable users to share documents via online meetings and communicate with other connected users.

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Web Services

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enable programmers to create applications that communicate with other remote computers over the Internet or on an internal business network.

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Mashup

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is a Web application that combines services from two or more sources.

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Network

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is a collection of computers and devices connected together via communications devices and transmission media.

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Local Area Network (LAN)

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is a network that connects computers and devices in a limited geographical area.

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Wireless LAN (WLAN)

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is a LAN that uses no physical wires.

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Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)

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connects LANs in a metropolitan area.

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Wide Area Network (WAN)

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is a network that covers a large geographical area.

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Network Architecture

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is the design of computers, devices, and media on a network.

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P2P

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describes an Internet network on which users access each other’s hard disks and exchange files directly over the Internet.

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Network Topology

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refers to the layout of the computers and devices in a communications network.

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Intranet

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is an internal network that uses Internet technologies.

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Extranet

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allows customers or suppliers to access part of its intranet.

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Ethernet

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is a network standard that specifies no computer controls when data can be transmitted.

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Token Ring

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standard specifies that computers and devices on the network share or pass a special signal (token).

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TCP/IP

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is a network standard that defines how messages are routed from one end of a network to another.

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Wi‐Fi

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identifies any network based on the 802.11 standard that facilitates wireless communication.

Sometimes referred to as wireless Ethernet.

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Bluetooth

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defines how two Bluetooth devices use short-range radio waves to transmit data.

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UWB (Ultra‐wideband)

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specifies how two UWB devices use short‐range radio waves to communicate at high speeds.

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IrDA

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transmits data wirelessly via infrared (IR) light waves.

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RFID

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uses radio signals to communicate with a tag placed in or attached to an object, animal, or person.

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Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN)

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is the worldwide telephone system.

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ADSL Connections

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transmit data downstream at a much faster rate than upstream.

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Communications Device

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is any type of hardware capable of transmitting data, instructions, and information between a sending device and a receiving device

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Dial‐up Modem

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converts signals between analog and digital.

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Digital Modem

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sends and receives data and information to and from a digital line.

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Wireless Modem

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uses the cell phone network to connect to the Internet wirelessly from a notebook computer, a smart phone, or other mobile device.

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Network Card

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enables a computer or device to access a network.

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Wireless Access Point

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is a central communications device that allows computers and devices to transfer data wirelessly among themselves or to a wired network.

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Router

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connects multiple computers or other routers together and transmits data to its correct destination on a network.

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Hub or Switch

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connects several devices in a network together.

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Bandwidth

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the amount of data that can travel over a communications channel.

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Latency

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is the time it takes a signal to travel from one location to another on a network.

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Transmission Media

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carries one or more signals.

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Broadband Media

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transmit multiple signals simultaneously.

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Cellular Radio

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is a form of broadcast radio that is used widely for mobile communications.

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Microwaves

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are radio waves that provide a high-speed signal transmission.

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Communications Satellite

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is a space station that receives microwave signals from an earth‐based station, amplifies it, and broadcasts the signal over a wide area.