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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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stuttering theory is based on what type of model?
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multi-factorial. It is a dynamic non linear disorder
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what is the numeric to remember all the factors that lead to stuttering?
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Glorious Ninja Ants Party Loudly Everywhere. Which stands for genetics; neuro-physological predisposition; anxiety;phonology;language; environment
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What are the factors that contribute to a person's predisposition to stutter?
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genetics and a neuro-physiological difference
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What are the factors that support the genetic cause or predisposition to stutter ?
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Proband Studies. Twin Studies and family aggregation studies.
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what do proband studies tell us about the genetic predisposition to stutter?
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?
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what do twin studies tell us about the genetic predisposition to stutter?
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?
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what do family aggregation studies tell us about the genetic predisposition to stutter?
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?
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What are the clinical implications relating to the genetic predisposition to stutter?
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Seek to obtain info about the speech/language/stuttering probs in the clients family history. educate family about the genetic factors. and there may be a type of gene therapy in the future.
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what are the 2 ways that a person can be neuo-physiologically predisposed to stutter?
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differences in the anatomy of the brain and differences in the functioning and activation of the brain
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what are the 5 anatomic neuro-physiologic differences that are shown with neuro-imaging?
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atypical cerebral blood flow. increased volume and activation in the right hemisphere. increased density of gray matter. decreased white matter in the left hemisphere. overactive motor regions and underactive auditory cortex in people who stuttter
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what are the functional neuro-physiological differences in people who stutter?
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production activation of motor movements (artic) precedes planning of movements. They talk before they plan.
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what are the clinical implications of the fact that PWS are neuro-physiologically predisposed to do so?
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treatment can normalize the activation pattern. Support for early intervention because adults have more gray matter in the right hemi then children
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what does more gray matter in the right hemisphere of adults have to do with anything?
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it suggests that they have developed compensatory strategies. This supports neuroplasticity is shown by excess gray matter,
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What are the 4 factors that contribute to the maintenance and development of stuttering?
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Anxiety. Phonology. Language. Environment.
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How does anxiety contribute to the development and maintenance of stuttering?
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some may have an increased level of autonomic nervous system activity. stutterers have a less stable neuromotor system.
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what are the clinical implications related to the fact that anxiety may contribute to the development or maintenance of stuttering?
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you should assess a clients attitudes about talking with the cat or kitty cat. use anxiety reduction techniques.Make referrals.
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How does phonology contribute to the development and maintenance of stuttering?
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there are phonological deficits seen in PWS. with non speech tasks there is a slow reaction time which related to the functional differences in the brain.
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What does phonology tell us about the prognosis of a client who stutters?
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if a child has phonological problems and stutters there is a high likelyhood that stuttering will persist?
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what are the clinical implications related to the fact that phonology may contribute to the development or maintenance of stuttering?
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need to assess a clients phonology. target both phonology and stuttering within intervention. but will increase cognitive load.
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How does language contribute to the development and maintenance of stuttering?
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someone who stutters will usually have language within normal limits but behind peers. does not correlate with persistence
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what are the clinical implications relating to language affecting stuttering?
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demands capacity model.
Use a treatment hierarchy. |
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what is the demands capacity model?
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what is the other model and what does it tell us?
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How does environment contribute to the development and maintenance of stuttering?
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parents do not cause stuttering. but there are learned parts: secondary characteristics; vicarious learning (shame and guilt) operant conditioning
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how many extra units of repetition will a person who stutters have?
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2-3 extra units. they will say ba ba ba ball.
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what is a normal amount of repetitions, for someone who doesn't stutter?
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1 unit of repetition.they may say ba ball and not be considered a stutterer
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How many stuttering like disfluencies will a person have who stutters?
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3 or more disfluencies per 100 syllables
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will a person who does not stutter experience prolongations and blocks?
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no. if a person blocks or prolongates they are considered to be stuttering.
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what percent of people who stutter experience secondary characteristics?
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75%
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do people who stutter repeat syllables and words at a faster or slower rate than typical peers?
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faster
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prologations longer than what are a strong indicator of stuttering?
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prolongations longer than 1 second is a strong indicator of stuttering
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what are the 7 types of stuttering like disfluencies?
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how many disfluencies out of the list of 7 will a person have to be classified as someone who stutters?
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3 out of the 7
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what are factors or clues that suggest persistent stuttering?
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Males. a late age of onset (4-5 years). family history, stuttering for 6 months. sound prolongations.
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what are not indicators of persistant stuttering?
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severity in the first year, head and neck movements in the first year and awareness of stuttering in the first year
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How do you Assess a client's stuttering behaviors?
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do the cat or kitty cat. do the SS!-4. Do Yairi and Ambrose's method of analyzing stuttering and other disfluencies.
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what else do you need to assess when you suspect a client is stuttering?
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hearing, phonology and language (with a formal assessment) and screen their voice. also make sure to get a good case history.
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What percent of children who stutter, recover by age 8?
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40%
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how many children out of 5, who being stuttering, recover?
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4 out 5 children naturally recover
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