Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Matter |
Is anything that takes up space and has mass. All matter is made of atoms. |
|
Matter
|
Is anything that takes up space and has mass.
All matter is made of atoms. |
|
Atoms |
Atoms are the building blocks of matter, sort of how bricks are the building blocks of houses. |
|
What are the 6 top elements in the body? |
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Sulfur. |
|
Element |
Something that only consists of one type of ingredient, it is a pure substance. It cannot be broken down into anything else. To make a compound, you combine two or more elements, and in the compound, there is a fixed ratio. |
|
Structure of an atom |
Atoms consist of electrons surrounding a nucleus that contains protons and neutrons. Neutrons are neutral, but protons and electrons are electrically charged. Protons have a relative charge of +1, while electrons have a relative charge of -1. The number of protons in an atom is called its atomic number. |
|
Electron |
A negative subatomic particle that travels around nucleus of the atom. |
|
Nucleus of an atom |
A small, dense, positively charges region in the center of the atom. |
|
Isotopes |
Atoms of the same element having different masses. Contains the same number of protons, but contains different numbers of neurons. |
|
Ionic Bond |
When two atoms bond together where of the atom is donating one or more electron(s) and the other electron is receiving 1 or more electron. Cation: lost electron - positive. Anion: gained electron - negative |
|
Covalent Bond |
Two atoms are bonded together by sharing one or more pair of electrons. |
|
Hydrogen Bond |
Bonds between partially positive atoms of molecule and a partly negative atom of another molecule. It is NOT a covalent bond. Individually, hydrogen bonds are weak, but collectively, they can become a stronger force. A strong attraction between H2O molecules. |
|
State of mater |
Solid: All the atoms are tightly packed - not too much energy. Liquid: The atoms are loose and there is energy. Gas: The atoms move around in a large area, there is a lot of energy. |
|
Reactants and Products |
Reactants are substances that start a chemical reaction. Products are substances that are produced in the reaction. |
|
Composition of Matter |
Neutrons - no charge (nucleus) Protons - positive (nucleus) Plectrons - negative (outside) Mass Number: Neutrons and Protons Atomic Number: Amount of protons Atomic Weight: Weighed average of isotopes. |
|
Water´s chemical formula
|
H2 (2 hydrogen atoms) O (1 Oxygen atoms) - H2O
|
|
Structural formula of water
|
O / \ H H
|
|
Polar Covalent Bonds in water
|
In a polar covalent bond, the electrons shared by the atoms spend a greater amount of time, on the average, closer to the Oxygen nucleus than the Hydrogen nucleus.
|
|
Hydrogen Bonding between water molecules
|
It is when the (slightly) negative Oxygen of one water molecule is attracted to the slightly positive hydrogen atom of another water molecule. The connection can be drawn using dots.
|
|
Polar vs Non-polar compounds
|
Idk
|
|
Cohesion
|
Allows water to stick to one another-Responsible for surface tension, which allows insects to carry life functions on it. -Due to hydrogen bonding, strong tensions arise.
|
|
Capillary Action
|
Water flows up (against gravity)-Hydrogen bonding causes bonding with surface, allowing to stick (adhesion) - cohesion is present. -Used in plants
|
|
Ice less dense that water
|
Hydrogen bonds of ice is stable than to liquid - bound to four neighbors. -Space between molecules of ice is greater, allowing it to float. -Prevents lakes from freezing completely.
|
|
Temperature Moderation
|
Due to hydrogen bonding, it would require a large amount of heat to break those bonds before it can get to the actual water molecule.
|