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24 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

Matter

Is anything that takes up space and has mass.


All matter is made of atoms.

Matter
Is anything that takes up space and has mass.
All matter is made of atoms.

Atoms

Atoms are the building blocks of matter, sort of how bricks are the building blocks of houses.

What are the 6 top elements in the body?

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Sulfur.

Element

Something that only consists of one type of ingredient, it is a pure substance. It cannot be broken down into anything else. To make a compound, you combine two or more elements, and in the compound, there is a fixed ratio.

Structure of an atom

Atoms consist of electrons surrounding a nucleus that contains protons and neutrons. Neutrons are neutral, but protons and electrons are electrically charged. Protons have a relative charge of +1, while electrons have a relative charge of -1. The number of protons in an atom is called its atomic number.

Electron

A negative subatomic particle that travels around nucleus of the atom.

Nucleus of an atom

A small, dense, positively charges region in the center of the atom.

Isotopes

Atoms of the same element having different masses. Contains the same number of protons, but contains different numbers of neurons.

Ionic Bond

When two atoms bond together where of the atom is donating one or more electron(s) and the other electron is receiving 1 or more electron.


Cation: lost electron - positive.


Anion: gained electron - negative

Covalent Bond

Two atoms are bonded together by sharing one or more pair of electrons.

Hydrogen Bond

Bonds between partially positive atoms of molecule and a partly negative atom of another molecule. It is NOT a covalent bond. Individually, hydrogen bonds are weak, but collectively, they can become a stronger force. A strong attraction between H2O molecules.

State of mater

Solid: All the atoms are tightly packed - not too much energy.


Liquid: The atoms are loose and there is energy.


Gas: The atoms move around in a large area, there is a lot of energy.

Reactants and Products

Reactants are substances that start a chemical reaction. Products are substances that are produced in the reaction.

Composition of Matter

Neutrons - no charge (nucleus)


Protons - positive (nucleus)


Plectrons - negative (outside)


Mass Number: Neutrons and Protons


Atomic Number: Amount of protons


Atomic Weight: Weighed average of isotopes.

Water´s chemical formula
H2 (2 hydrogen atoms) O (1 Oxygen atoms) - H2O
Structural formula of water
O / \ H H
Polar Covalent Bonds in water
In a polar covalent bond, the electrons shared by the atoms spend a greater amount of time, on the average, closer to the Oxygen nucleus than the Hydrogen nucleus.
Hydrogen Bonding between water molecules
It is when the (slightly) negative Oxygen of one water molecule is attracted to the slightly positive hydrogen atom of another water molecule. The connection can be drawn using dots.
Polar vs Non-polar compounds
Idk
Cohesion
Allows water to stick to one another-Responsible for surface tension, which allows insects to carry life functions on it. -Due to hydrogen bonding, strong tensions arise.
Capillary Action
Water flows up (against gravity)-Hydrogen bonding causes bonding with surface, allowing to stick (adhesion) - cohesion is present. -Used in plants
Ice less dense that water
Hydrogen bonds of ice is stable than to liquid - bound to four neighbors. -Space between molecules of ice is greater, allowing it to float. -Prevents lakes from freezing completely.
Temperature Moderation
Due to hydrogen bonding, it would require a large amount of heat to break those bonds before it can get to the actual water molecule.