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98 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Normative Questions
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Questions based on how things should be
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Empirical Questions
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Questions based on evidence
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State/country
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The self-governing political entity, Institutions, people and groups. Has power to effect change. Monopoly of force.
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Unitary State
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Strong central government top-down org
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Federal State
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Devolved powers, bottom up state
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Rentier State
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Revenue comes from the renting out of resources
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Nation
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Group of people with a common sense of culture
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Regime
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Fundamental norms and rules with established admin over time
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Society
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Group of people based off of common interests and shared institutions
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Government
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The leadership in charge of running a state
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Institutions
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Executive, legislative, judicial, and bureaucracy
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Politics
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The struggle for power, who gets what, when, and how.
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Political Culture
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History, values, belief, traditions, and how it influences
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Traditional Legit.
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Legitimacy because its always been that way
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Charismatic Legit.
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Legitimacy based on personality
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Rational-legal Legit.
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Based on accepted laws and procedures
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Sovereignty
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A states ability to carry out actions independent of internal or external interference
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Revolution
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Significant and sudden change by force
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Correlation
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Apparent association between differing factors
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Causation
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Change in x causes change in y
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Political cleavage
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Factors that separate groups
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Cross-cutting cleavage
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Division which cross people with differences, strengthens
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Coinciding (cumulative)
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A division that strengthens present feelings of difference
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Democracy
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People choose policymakers in free, regular competitive elections
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Illiberal democracy
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Procedural with elections, but without civil rights and liberties
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Liberal democracy
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Political competition, economic freedom, and civil rights
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Social Democracy
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Accepts strong role of private ownership and market forces while emphasizing economic equality
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communism
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Low freedom, high equality.
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Authoritarian
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Strong hierarchical limited role of people in politics, strong central leader
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corporatism
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Business, labor, and gov’t working closely in policymaking
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cooptation
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Granting favors in exchange for benefits, stealing other’s ideas
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theocracy
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Gov’t where religion has control of it
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Political ideology
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What gov’s role should be, what goals should be
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liberalism
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Attitude: favoring evolutionary transformation of society
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Conservatism
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Questions whether change is necessary
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Libertarian
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Favors little government interference in economy and personal freedom
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Political attitude
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Vied regarding pace and scope of change between freedom and equality
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Reactionary
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Wants old political social and economic institutions
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Radicalism
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Belief in dramatic, revolutionary change of political economic or social order
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Nationalism
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Pride in ones of group of people and state. Own unique personal destiny from others
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Fascism
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Low freedom low equality. People should be classified as superior or inferior
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Proportional rep
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Parties represented in leg. According to % of vote
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First Past the post
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Winner take all
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Political economy
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Relationship between political and economic systems: freedom v equality, security, prosperity, distribution of wealth, trade
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Developed countries
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Countries with developed economies and high GDP per capita
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Developing countries
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In economic development, but low standards of living, undeveloped industrial base
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Underdeveloped countries
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Little or no economy, civil war, no stability
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Neoliberal Economic Reforms
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Few restrictions on business and property rights, focus on free market
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GDP Gross domestic product
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value of total goods produced and services performed
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PPP Purchasing power parity
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Buying power of income in the country
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Gini Index
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Formula to measure economic inequality in country
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HDI Human Development Index
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Used to determine development level. Looks at life expectancy, literacy, education, standards of living. Measures well-being
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Globalization
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The process of expanding contact and trade with the entire world
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Linkage institutions
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Institutions which help citizens connect and influence policymaking
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Buraucracy
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The structure and regulations in place to control activity in large organizations or gov’t
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Marxism
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Proletariat rev. Dictatorship of the proletariat, utopia no class structure
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Marxism-Leninism
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Vanguard of the revolution more highly central gov
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Command Economy
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Gov controls pricing, not supply and demand
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Economic Liberalization
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Changes that limit the power of state over private property and market forces
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Democratization
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Transfer towards democracy
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Democractic deficit
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When professed democracies fall short of democractic ideals
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Devolution
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Granting of power by central gov to regional or local levels
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Civil servant
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Civilians working for gov agencies
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Civil service
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A system of hiring and promotion based on meritocracy and the formation of non-partisan gov
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Civil Society
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Group of social organizations formed voluntarily outside of gov control
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Clientalism
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Patron Client relationship. People have access to gov, get what needed
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Head of Gov
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Chief officer of executive branch, controls gov
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Head of state
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Public representative, symbolizes the people
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ISI Import substitution industrialization
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Use only local goods instead of importing, high tariffs on finished goods, low tariffs on raw goods
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Interest groups
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Groups who seek to influence policymaking without office
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Judicial review
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Power of courts to review whether action is legal or constitutional
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Legislature
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Representative assemply with power to ratify laws
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Nomenklatura
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Politically sensitive or influential jobs in state, society, or economy given to those in or approved by Communist Party
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Glasnost
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Opennes relaxed control on personal freedoms
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Perestroika
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Injecting small amounts of capitalism to increase efficiency and initiative
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Parliamentary system
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Head of Gov chosen from Legislature
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Prebendalism
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Extreme form of clientalism. Give benefits to family members and ethnically-similar groups. Use benefits to help others
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Presidential system
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Fused head of state and gov who are chosen outside of legislature
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Privatization
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Transfer of ownership from gov to private sector
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Referendum
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Direct vote by the people on a proposal
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Rule of law
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Law governs everyone and all actions, no one above it
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Supranational orgs
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International organization which spans multiple states
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Parastatal
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Fully or partially state owned corporation
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Technocrat
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Those in gov for benefits, started as workers in another field
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Totalitarianism
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Total state regulation over public and private sectors
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Fusion of powers
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Head of state is also head of legislature
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Socialization
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Regulating education to conform those to social norms
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Socialism
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Equality of outcome not opportunity, higher equality less freedom.
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Bicameral
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Dual house legislature
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Unicameral
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Single house legislature
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Market economy
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Pricing based upon supply and demand
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Noblesse Oblige
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Those who have power protect those who do not
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Guanxi
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Use of gov connections to better ones own situation, patron client relationship
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QUANGO Quasi-Autonomous Non-Governmental Org
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An organization or agency that is financed by a government but that acts independently of it.
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Maoism
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Revolution by the peasants
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Mass line
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Officials take the peoples ideas and refine them for government, a means of both appeasement and granting of self-powers
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Egalitarianism
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All people are equal, self-reliance
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Camarillas
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Mexican Clientalism
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