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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what defines sychronous muscle?
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-1 contraction/1 action potential
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What defines asynchronous muscle?
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-Multilple contractions/1 action potential.
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Twitch
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-uniterminal innervation -- common in vertebrates
slow oxidative or fast glycolytic |
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Tonic
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-Multiterminal innervation (rare in vertebrates)
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invertebrate muscle
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-polyneuronal, multiterminal
inhibitors and modulators |
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gylocolytic fibers would need:
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few mitochondria, few capillaires, high [glycogen],
-would fatigue quickly -inefficient |
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oxidative slow fibers would need:
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many mitochondria, many capillaries, low [glycogen]
-would fatigue slowly |
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Asynchronous Muscle...
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contract by Ca2+ and STRETCH. when one muscle stretches, the other muscle contracts. (insect flight)
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multi-unit smooth muscle
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few gap junctions, few SR
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multi-unit smoothe muscle
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each cell works individually
-few gap junctions, few SR, slow contraction |
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single-unit smooth muscle
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cells work together
-gap junctions, few SR, can spontaneously produce action potentials |
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Pacemaker Potential -- the effects of norepinephrine and acetycholine
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acetycholine results in fewer action potentials. norepinephrine results in more action potentials
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molluscan catch muscle
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contracts muscle and hold it. uses little ATP b/c mollusk makes crossbridges and doesn't break them
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Brain Heaters
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brain heaters are modified muscle. heater tissue composed of many mitochondria surrounded by SR. heat produced by mitochondria and calcium pump which converts ATP -> ADP + P + heat
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