Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy Exam 1: Development

Front 1

Epithelia

Back 1

covers surfaces with lines and cavities without a matrix.

Front 2

Endothelia

Back 2

an epithelial lining of vessels

Front 3

Connective

Back 3

lots of matrix. Collagen, bone, serum. Includes blood.

Front 4

Muscle

Back 4

tissue type that includes smooth, striated, and cardiac

Front 5

Nervous

Back 5

tissues that includes neurons and supportive glial cells

Front 6

What are the 3 reproductive models?

Back 6

Lay eggs, hold eggs to give a live birth, lost egg shell

Front 7

Oviparous

Back 7

lay eggs. The embryo is on its own

Front 8

Ovoviviparous

Back 8

hold eggs in. The mother provides protection and O2 (only) to the embryo

Front 9

Euviviparous

Back 9

maternal tissues supply all nourishment

Front 10

How does yolk affect cleavage?

Back 10

The cells will have to cleave around the yolk. The more yolk, the more fat, the slower the development

Front 11

Is there yolk in mammals?

Back 11

No

Front 12

Even distribution of yolk

Back 12

isolecithal

Front 13

Concentrated yolk

Back 13

telolecithal

Front 14

Complete cleavage

Back 14

zygote has the complete division or cleavage

Front 15

Incomplete cleavage

Back 15

in some mesolecithal and telolecithal eggs, the yolk slows division so cleavage is primarily restricted to animal pole

Front 16

What is a blastula?

Back 16

A hollow ball that is formed after several mitotic divisions of the zygote

Front 17

Blastodisc

Back 17

a flattened disc that is formed after several mitotic divisions of the zygote

Front 18

Distinctive fate

Back 18

future germ layers that will def happen. Some places have this fate placed on them.

Front 19

Gastrulation

Back 19

when the ball of cells invaginates on itself to form the gut

Front 20

What happens during gastrulation?

Back 20

Presumptive layers appear and future triploblastic organization begins to form. Epiboly, involution, invagination, blastopore formation, cephalization and bilateral symmetry appears, notochord forms the chordamesoderm. Nerual plate begins to be visible

Front 21

Epiboly

Back 21

massive cell division and migration over the surface of the developing embryo

Front 22

Involution

Back 22

cells arriving at the blastopore by epiboly roll around and in over the lip of the blastopore an inward migration of cells form inner layers (Crawl in)

Front 23

Invagination

Back 23

an infolding or insinking of a layer of cells, a passive movement of cells within the moving layer (like pressing your finger against a tennisball to form an indentation)

Front 24

Blastopore

Back 24

future anus in a deutorostome and a new cavity that will form the primitive gut

Front 25

Neurulation

Back 25

when the dorsol hollow nerve tube completes, a head forms, and the basic plan is formed—the triploblastic organization is fully formed

Front 26

4 important processes in neurulation?

Back 26

Mesodermal layering, extraembryonic membranes, development of the ectodermal placodes, differentiation and migration of the neural crest cells

Front 27

Mesodermal layering

Back 27

Chordamesoderm becomes the notochord. The mesoderm along the notochord migrates laterally between the 3 layers into the Dorsal, intermediate, and Lateral “Plate” mesoderm.

Front 28

Dorsal Mesoderm divide into?

Back 28

Dermatome, myotome, sclerotome.

Front 29

Dermatome

Back 29

connective tissue layers of skin

Front 30

Mytotome

Back 30

axial skeletal muscles, appendicular skeleton an dmuscles

Front 31

Sclerotome

Back 31

axial skeleton

Front 32

What does the intermediate mesoderm form?

Back 32

Kidney, ducts, and reproductive systems

Front 33

Lateral plate mesoderm forms what: Outer layer

Back 33

somatic mesoderm

Front 34

What will the somatic mesoderm from the lateral plate mesoderm form medially?

Back 34

Body wall muscles, connective tissues of somatic vessels

Front 35

What will the somatic mesoderm from the lateral plate mesoderm form laterally?

Back 35

Layers of amnion and chorion

Front 36

Lateral plate mesoderm forms what: Inner layer

Back 36

Splanchic mesoderm

Front 37

What will the splanchic mesoderm from the lateral plate mesoderm form medially?

Back 37

Smooth muscle and connective tissue linings of gut, viscera, gonads, organs, heart, vessels, peritoneum, blood organs and blood, mesenteries

Front 38

What will the splanchic mesoderm from the lateral plate mesoderm form laterally?

Back 38

Allantois and yolk sac

Front 39

Amnion

Back 39

you

Front 40

Allantois

Back 40

waste sac

Front 41

Chorion

Back 41

Cover for you

Front 42

What makes up the placenta?

Back 42

Amnion, allantois, and chorion

Front 43

What are the structures from the ectodermal placodes

Back 43

nasal, otic, epibranchial, linear surface, optic

Front 44

What are the major neural crest derivatives?

Back 44

Trunk and cranial crest

Front 45

What are the major trunk crest derivitaves?

Back 45

Pigment cells, odontoblasts, spinal ganglia, autonomic ganglia and peripheral nerve cells and membrantes, adrenal medulla (carotid bodies, thyroid)

Front 46

What are the major cranial crest derivitaves?

Back 46

Cranial nerves (5,7,9,10), branchial basket cartilages, odontoblasts, mesenchyme cells

Front 47

Mesenchyme cells

Back 47

cells which are the mesodermal repleacement of the new head: many of the cranial ossifications, head dermis, connective tissues of the glands, heart semilunar valves, conus region, walls of aorta and aortic arch derived arteries

Front 48

Where does the eye come from

Back 48

a miss mash of origins from the ectoderm, placode, nerectoderm, NC, paraxial, and mesoderm

Front 49

Enamel

Back 49

the hardest coating of bone that finds itself on teeth

Front 50

Dentine

Back 50

bone produced by layer of inwardly migrating odontoblasts

Front 51

Cementum

Back 51

acellular bone gluing dentine to jaw bone w/ collagen fibers

Front 52

Pulp

Back 52

internal chamber housing odontoblasts, nerves, vessels and connective tissues

Front 53

Ameloblasts

Back 53

make enamel

Front 54

Odontoblasts

Back 54

make tooth root

Front 55

Development of teeth?

Back 55

NC migrates to the site of dental development. NC induces dental lamina. Odontoblasts form w/in the dental papilla. Deposition of dentin induces formation of ameloblasts in ectoderm. Dentine with centripetal appositional growth (toward interior in layers). Enamel with centrifugal appositional growth (toward exterior in layers). Ameloblasts ware away w/ eruption of tooth. Odontoblasts have some reparative capacity to make additional dentine.