Comparative Religions Final

Front 1

Torah

Back 1

This is the "Book of Law" in Judaism, sometimes called the books of Moses.

Front 2

Rosh Hashannah

Back 2

This Holiday in Judaism is the "Jewish New Year". It is one of the 2 high holy days of the year.

Front 3

Synagogue

Back 3

During the Babylonian Exile, the Jews turned to this as a community meeting place of worship.

Front 4

Covenant

Back 4

This mutually beneficial, two-sided agreement is the foundation of Judaism.

Front 5

Abraham

Back 5

He is said to be the father (patriarch) of Judaism and Monotheism. He agreed to have no other Gods.

Front 6

Solomon

Back 6

He is responsible for building the first temple. He was the king of the "Golden Age" of Jerusalem, the son of David.

Front 7

Anti-Semitism

Back 7

Hostility or prejudice towards anything Jewish.

Front 8

Moses

Back 8

One of the greatest personalities of Judaism, led the Jews out of Egypt and received the Ten Commandments from God.

Front 9

Pharisees

Back 9

This was the Jewish community who were more traditional during the messainic period and were expecting a Law-Giver as a messiah.

Front 10

Tanakh

Back 10

This is the "Hebrew Bible", consisting of the Torah, Nevi'im, and Ketuvim.

Front 11

Bar/Bat Mitzvah

Back 11

This is the ceremony that happens to a boy when he turns 13 (or when a girl turns 12) the title means 'son of the commandment" it is an adult making ceremony.

Front 12

Yom Kippur

Back 12

One of the most important Jewish holidays, this is the Day of Atonement. It is the other High Holy Day of the Year.

Front 13

Talmud

Back 13

This Jewish holy text contains the oral law and what ties the oral law to the revealed law, it is comprised of Mishnah and Gemara.

Front 14

Four Important developments from the Babylonian Period.

Back 14

1. text is written down
2. concept of a messiah is developed
3. synagogue is established
4. Office of Rabbi is developed.

Front 15

Bhakti

Back 15

This word means "devotion"

Front 16

Bhagavad Gita

Back 16

Some people call this book the most important in Hinduism. It is a part of the Mahabharata. Krishna is said to have spoken before a battle. Means "Song of the Lord".

Front 17

Agni

Back 17

This is the Vedic fire god and messenger of the gods.

Front 18

Atman

Back 18

This is the term that refers to the "self" in the Upanishads.

Front 19

Ramayana

Back 19

This epic contains within it the ideal forms for people to emulate. Deals very heavily with Dharma.

Front 20

Sanskrit

Back 20

The sacred language of Hinduism, brought to India by the Aryans.

Front 21

Maya

Back 21

The Upanishads say that the universe is this, the word means "illusion"

Front 22

Karma (Hinduism)

Back 22

This is action or result of action Very important concept in Hinduism states that all actions have results. (Hinduism)

Front 23

Aryans

Back 23

These people are responsible for bringing Vedic religion (and ultimately Hinduism) to India. Name means "noble".

Front 24

Brahman

Back 24

The Upanishads introduced the concept that people are ultimately a part of this "ultimate power" in the universe.

Front 25

Krishna

Back 25

He is viewed as one of the most important forms of Vishnu, he was Arjuna's charioteer and responsible for the Bhagavad Gita.

Front 26

Dharma (Hinduism)

Back 26

This term means "duty, right, order, law, truth" SUPER important for the understanding of Hinduism.

Front 27

Vedas

Back 27

These are the oldest religious texts of India, there are 4 books, and the word means knowledge or wisdom.

Front 28

Four Goals in life (Upanishads)

Back 28

1. Kama- which means pleasure
2. Artha - Regards wealth and stability
3. Dharma - Establishing law, order, and duty
4. Mosksha - obtain liberation

Front 29

Avalokiteshvara

Back 29

This is the Bodhisattva of compassion. His name means "Hearer of the Cries of the World"

Front 30

Rinzai

Back 30

A Japanese Zen Buddhist sect which focuses on using "answerless riddles.

Front 31

Buddha

Back 31

The term means "enlightened one" or "awakened one" he is responsible for the religion referred to as "the middle way".

Front 32

Theravada

Back 32

This traditional and conservative branch of Buddhism focuses on merit accumulation and sharing. The name means "way of the elders".

Front 33

Bodhisattva

Back 33

In Mahayana, this is the being who is "not yet" a Buddha. "One whose essence is enlightenment". A Buddha to be.

Front 34

Mahayana

Back 34

The "Great Vehicle" of Buddhism. Most popular (and most widely practiced) branch of Buddhism.

Front 35

Tripitaka

Back 35

This is the collection of Therevada Buddhist texts, which were carried in 3 large baskets.

Front 36

Karma (Buddhism)

Back 36

In Buddhism this is action, or the results of action. Its what effects you reincarnation.

Front 37

Dharma (Buddhism)

Back 37

This is the Buddha's teaching. One of the 3 Jewels. (Buddhism)

Front 38

Koan

Back 38

These are the answer-less riddles in Zen Buddhism. What is the sound of one hand clapping and that fun stuff, The word means "public notice".

Front 39

Upaya

Back 39

In the Lotus Sutra, this means "skillful means". Shaping the teaching of the Dharma to the audience.

Front 40

Amitabha

Back 40

This is the Buddha of the Western Paradise or Pure Land.

Front 41

Nirvana

Back 41

This is the goal of Buddhism, it means "cessation" or "extinction".

Front 42

Four Noble Truths

Back 42

1) Life is suffering
2) Suffering comes from desire
3) There is a way out - get rid of desire
4) 8 Fold Path

Front 43

Reformation

Back 43

This movement was started by Martin Luther in the middle ages. It resulted in the splintering of Christianity into Catholic and Protestant denominations.

Front 44

Martin Luther

Back 44

He is generally accepted as the father of the reformation. Was very displeased with the sale of indulgences and the state of the Catholic Church.

Front 45

Anglican Reformation

Back 45

This was started by Henry V111 for mainly political reasons. It resulted in the formation of the Church of England and a split from Rome.

Front 46

Pope

Back 46

The head of the Catholic Church, the title means "papa" or "father".

Front 47

Lay Investiture

Back 47

The practice of secular rulers (kings,etc.) conferring or installing an individual in a church office.

Front 48

Messiah

Back 48

This term means "anointed one", in Christianity, Jesus is believed to be this. He was considered a spiritual redeemer.

Front 49

Jesus

Back 49

The founder of Christianity: believed by his followers to be the messiah, was crucified, and is believed to have come back from the dead.

Front 50

Indulgences

Back 50

The practice of paying to be forgiven your sins, popular in the middle ages.

Front 51

Vatican 11

Back 51

This was the first Main Catholic council since the council of Trent. It sought to update and modernize the Catholic church. It happened in the 1960s.

Front 52

Gospel

Back 52

This term means "Good News". Refers to either the teachings of Jesus or the New Testament.

Front 53

Edict of Milan

Back 53

This official Roman decree, made by Constantine in 313, extended toleration to Christians and other groups.

Front 54

Constantine

Back 54

This is the first Roman emperor who converted to Christianity, but wasn't baptized until he was on his deathbed. He's responsible for the Edict of Milan.

Front 55

Evangelicals

Back 55

These are the groups who broke away from the Catholic church during the Reformation, they believed that the Gospel should be spread by the individual. Eventually they would be called Protestants.

Front 56

What does the Priesthood of Believers state?

Back 56

1) Faith and scripture alone are necessary for salvation

2) Nobody stands between you (the believer) and God.

Front 57

Muslim

Back 57

-"One who submits"
-Practitioner of Islam

Front 58

Islam

Back 58

"submission" (name of the religion)
-2nd most popular religion.

Front 59

Allah

Back 59

"The God"

Front 60

Muhammad

Back 60

"The Prophet" Receives final reservation from God. Referred to as "The Seal of the Prophets".

Front 61

Quran

Back 61

-Holy text of Islam "recitation"
-Believed to be the direct word of Allah

Front 62

Hadith

Back 62

-Collections of sayings and actions contributed to/or about the prophet.
-guidelines for behavior

Front 63

Hijra

Back 63

"Migration"
-Beginning of Islamic calendar
-Muhammad and his followers flea from Mecca to Medina.

Front 64

Mecca

Back 64

-Essential holy city in Islam
-Muhammad's hometown

Front 65

Medina

Back 65

-First Muslim City
-"City of the Prophets"

Front 66

Shia

Back 66

-One of the major sects of Islam containing about 20% of the population.
-Believe authority should be passed down through the family.

Front 67

Sharia

Back 67

-One of the major sects of Islam containing about 80% of the population.
-Believe authority should be passed through community.

Front 68

Fatwa

Back 68

Pronouncement or legal opinion of Islamic law.

Front 69

Jibril

Back 69

Archangel of Gabriel

Front 70

5 Pillars

Back 70

1) Creed (shahada)
-statement of faith
2) Prayer (Salot)
-acted 5 times daily
3) Charity (Zakat)
-2.5% of income used for maintenance of community
4) Fasting (Sawn)
-Taken under month of Ramadan
5) Pilgrimage (Hajj)
-Go to the holy city of Mecca