Comparative Anatomy Exam 1

Front 1

Physician in England
Used anatomy to understand relationships
porpoises were mammels
described chimp anatomy compared to humans

Back 1

Edward Tyson

Front 2

Established Natural History as a science
"unity of type"
organisms have similar morphology

Back 2

Georges-Louis Lecelrc, Comte de Buffon

Front 3

Museum of Natural History Paris
can figure out whole of an animal by the part
extinction is reality
father of comparative anatomy

Back 3

Georges cuvier

Front 4

Museum of Natural History british
Archetype
coined homology and dinosaur

Back 4

Richard Owen

Front 5

All vertebrates were built along a common plan or blueprint called an _____________.

Back 5

Archetype

Front 6

museum of comparative zoology
Earth passed through ice ages
1st modern teacher of comp anat

Back 6

Louis Agassiz

Front 7

first evolutionary hypothesis
animals could alter their appearance during life and pass these traits to their offspring

Back 7

Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck

Front 8

line of demarcation
worked with Darwin

Back 8

Alfred Russel Wallace

Front 9

change over time

Back 9

Evolution

Front 10

a coherent group of general propositions used as principles of explanation for a class of phenomena

Back 10

Theory

Front 11

correspondence in function or position between organs of dissimilar evolutionary origin or structure
Same function different origin

Back 11

Analogy

Front 12

Correspondence in evolutionary origin.
same origin; not

necessarily the same function

Back 12

Homology

Front 13

two unrelated organisms evolving the same structure

Back 13

convergence

Front 14

two sister species evolve same structure independently

Back 14

parallelisms

Front 15

revert back to the less derived state.

Back 15

reversal

Front 16

phylogenetic tree that includes all descendants of the groups most common ancestors

Back 16

Monophyletic group

Front 17

phylogenetic tree that has the groups most recent common ancestors but not all the descendants

Back 17

paraphyletic group

Front 18

phylogenetic tree that has two or more groups but not the groups most recent common ancestor no all of its descendants

Back 18

polyphyletic group descendants

Front 19

Derived characteristic

Back 19

Apomorphy

Front 20

Shared derived characteristic
Only useful character for a building tree.

Back 20

Synapomorphy

Front 21

Primitive characteristic

Back 21

Plesiomorphy

Front 22

shared primitive characteristic

Back 22

Symplesiomorphy

Front 23

indication of past life

Back 23

Fossil

Front 24

orgainsm dissolves leaving only a carbon imprint (rare in craniates)

Back 24

Carbonization

Front 25

calcites and silicates profuse into hard substances like bone, making it harder (most common)

Back 25

Permineralizations

Front 26

calcites and silicates eventually can replace the entire hard structure

Back 26

Replacement

Front 27

optimized for strength, agility

Back 27

columnar

Front 28

optimized for stability

Back 28

Splayed

Front 29

li/lo ratio large

Back 29

Strength optimized

Front 30

li/lo ratio small

Back 30

Speed optimized

Front 31

place extra force on bone, it grows thicker

Back 31

Hypertrophy

Front 32

remove force from bones, they lose mass, grow weaker

Back 32

Atrophy

Front 33

strengthens bone, grows along stress lines

Back 33

Spongy bone

Front 34

How do materials get into and out of the body?

Back 34

Diffusion

Front 35

source flowing parallel with sink

Back 35

Concurrent

Front 36

source flowing antiparallel with sink

Back 36

countercurrent

Front 37

source flowing at right angle with sink

Back 37

Crosscurrent