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47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Where two or more structures affect the development of the others
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Reciprocal Induction
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you can potentially develop isolating mechanisms in one generation
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Saltatory evolution
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fossil record suggests that there are brief periods of relatively rapid evolution followed by lulls
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Punctuated equilibrium
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physically separated tibia and fibula with mica or provided extra mesenchyme in developing chick
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Hampe (1959)
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inert barrier (gold or tantalum) inserted between tibia and fibula
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Müller (1989)
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Evolution of lost characteristics
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Reversals
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adults with juvenile characteristics
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Paedomorphosis
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structure continues its development beyond the ordinary time of cessation when the animal matures
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Hypermorphosis
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sexual maturity accelerated relative to somatic development
Adult larvae |
Progenesis
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somatic development slows and is overtaken by normal sexual maturity
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Neoteny
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where embryo develops
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Animal pole
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where yolk develops
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Vegetal pole
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whole zygote forms embryo
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Holoblastic cleavage
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sparse, evenly distributed yolk – mammals, amphioxus
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isolecithal eggs
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moderate vegetal yolk disposition - amphibians
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mesolecithal eggs
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whole zygote forms embryo
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Holoblastic cleavage
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Incomplete cleavage
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Meroblastic
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dense yolk
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Telolecithal (megalecithal)
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only small part becomes embryo – most fish, reptiles, birds, monotremes
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Discoidal cleavage
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Mesoderm forms when part of endoderm differentiates taking part of the gastrocoel with it
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enterocoely
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Two parts of hypomere
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somatic and splanchnic
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dermis of skin
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Dermatome
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muscle
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Myotome
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vertebrae, vertebral rib
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Sclerotome
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limbs, peritoneum, gonads
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Somatic hypomere
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heart, blood vessels, mesenteries that cover organs (dorsal and ventral mesenteries)
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Splanchnic hypomere
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epidermis, nerves and brain, some other contributions through neural crest
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Ectoderm
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ectodermal portion
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Epidermis
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mesodermal portion
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Dermis
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below dermis, mesodermal, w/fatty deposits
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Hypodermis
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Two types of scales
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bony and placoid
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Elasmoid scales
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Cycloid and ctenoid
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ventral ribs
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Gastralia
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nearly all visible including tail and flight (feather)
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Contour
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fill out contours, insulation (Feather)
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Semiplume
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hairlike, sensory? (feather)
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Filoplume
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stiff, tactile, feeding (feather)
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Bristle
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insulation (feather)
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Down
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associated with hair usually - makes hair waterproof, lubricate skin
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Sebum
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blockage of the glands results in dry eyes because tears evaporate more quickly
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Meibomian gland disfunction
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release secretion into hair folicles
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Apocrine Sweat glands
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hard external layer, fibers perpendicular to growth
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Unguis
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flakier, fibers parallel with growth
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Subunguis
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pockets of pigment
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Chromatophores
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most blues - selective reflectivity of tissues
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Structural coloration
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rare, blue pigment in mandarin fish
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Cyanophores
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gene associated with pigment inheritance
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Kit Ligand (Kitlg)
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