Comp Tia Network +

Front 1

Hub

Back 1

An electronic repeater. It interprets ones and zeros coming in from one port and repeats the same signal out to the other connected ports. Hubs do not send the same signal back down the port that originally sent it.

Front 2

Problems that using frames address

Back 2

Frames prevent any single machine from monopolizing the shared bus cable. 2nd, they make the process of retransmitting lost data more efficient.

Front 3

7 Pieces of an Ethernet Frame

Back 3

The preamble, MAC Address of the frame's recipient, the MAC of the sending system, the type of data, the data itself, a pad(if needed), and a frame check sequence, generically called a cycle redunandcy check.

Front 4

Preamble

Back 4

64-Bit series of alternating ones and zeros that ends with 11. Gives a receiving NIC time to realize a frame is coming, and to know exactly where the frame stays.

Front 5

MAC Address

Back 5

Ethernet identifies the NICs on a network using special 48- bit binary address

Front 6

Promiscuous Mode

Back 6

The NIC processes all the frames it sees on the cable, regardless of their MAC addresses. (Security Reason)

Front 7

Type

Back 7

The Type field helps the receiving computer interpret the frame contents at a very basic level. This way, the receiving computer can tell if the frame contains IPv4 vs IPv6.

Front 8

Data

Back 8

The data of the frame contains whatever payload the frame carries.

Front 9

Pad

Back 9

If the Ethernet Frame has fewer than 64 bytes of data to haul, the sending NIC will automatically add extra data to bring the data up to the minimum of 64 bytes.

Front 10

Frame Checking Sequence

Back 10

Enables Ethernet nodes to recognize when bad things happen to good data.

Front 11

CSMA/CD (Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Detection)

Back 11

Determine which computer should use a shared cable at a given moment. Multiple access means that all machines have equal access to the wire. When they detect a collision, both nodes immediately stop transmitting . They, then , each generate a random number to determines how long to wait before trying again. *Only one device can use the segment contained in the hub without causing a collision.*

Front 12

Collision Domain

Back 12

A group of nodes that have the capability of sending frames at the same time as each other, resulting in collisions.

Front 13

10BaseT

Back 13

10=10Mbps. Base=Baseband. T= Twisted Pair. Requires the use of CAT3 (or higher), two pair, unshielded twisted pair (UTP cable)

Front 14

RJ 45

Back 14

Connects to a single wire inside the cable; this enables devices to put voltage on the individual wires within the cable. The pins on the RJ-45 are numbered from 1-8. 10BaseT devices use pins 1& 2 to send data, and 3 & 4 to receive data.

Front 15

Half Duplex Mode

Back 15

NICs that can only communicate in one direction.

Front 16

Full Duplex Mode

Back 16

NICs that can send and receive at the same time.

Front 17

10BaseT Specs

Back 17

Speed- 10 MBPS

Signal Type - Baseband

Distance - 100 Meters between the hub and node.

Node Limit - No more than 1024

Topology - Star Bus, physical star, logical bus.

Cable Type - Cat 3 or better UTP cabling with RJ-45 connectors.

Front 18

10BaseFL Specs

Back 18

Speed- 10 MBPS

Signal Type - Baseband

Distance - 2000 Meters between the hub and node.

Node Limit - No more than 1024

Topology - Star Bus, physical star, logical bus.

Cable Type - Multimode fiber-optic cabling with ST or SC connectors.

Front 19

Extending/ Enhancing Ethernet Networks

Back 19

You can install additional hubs to connect multiple local area networks. A netrowork, bridge can connect two Ethernet segments, effectively doubling the size of the collision domain. You can also replace the hubs with better devices.

Front 20

Ethernet Segments

Back 20

If every node on the network connects to the same hub, the hub becomes a single point for failure. You can connect hubs via uplink or crossover.

Front 21

Uplink Ports

Back 21

Enable you to connect two hubs using a straight-through cable.

Front 22

MDI

Back 22

A regular port on a hub or switch

Front 23

MDI-X

Back 23

A media dependent interface crossover is an uplink port.

Front 24

Crossover Cable

Back 24

Reverses the sending and receiving pairs on one end of the cable. One end of the cable is wired according to the TIA/EA 568A standard, whereas the other end is wired according to the TIA/EA 568B.

Front 25

Bridge

Back 25

Acts like a repeater or hub to connect two Ethernet segments, but it goes one step beyond - filtering and forwarding traffic between those segments based on the MAC Addresses of the computers on those segments. This preserves bandwidth and makes a larger Ethernet network possible.

Front 26

Filter

Back 26

To filter traffic, means to stop it from crossing from one network to the next.

Front 27

Forward

Back 27

To forward traffic means to pass traffic originating on one side of the bridge to the other.

Front 28

Switch

Back 28

A device that filters and forwards traffic based on some criteria. Each port on a switch has its own collision domain, plus the switch can buffer incoming frames.

Front 29

Source Address Table (SAT)

Back 29

Table of MAC addresses created by the switch.

Front 30

Bridge Loops AKA switching loops

Back 30

Redundant connections

Front 31

Spinning Tree Protocol (STP)

Back 31

This eliminates the problem of accidental bridge loops. Switches with STP enables, can detect loops, communicate with other switches, and set the looped port's state to blocking.

Front 32

Bridge Protocol Data Unit

Back 32

STP enabled switches use these to communicate with each other to determine things like the distances between them and to keep track of changes to the network.

Front 33

Hub/Switch Problems

Back 33

Obvious Physical Damage

Dea Ports

General Flakiness