Comp. Politics Final

Front 1

Authoritarianism

Back 1

small group exercises power over state; government isn't constitutionally responsible; public has little/no role in selection; freedom restricted; can be institutionalized and legitimate

Front 2

totalitarianism

Back 2

authoritarian regime with a central ideological point;uses violence as a tool; seeks to control all aspects of society; relatively rare (stalin)

Front 3

Liberal view of the Economic source of Authoritarianism

Back 3

capitalism undermines authoritarianism by promoting the distribution of wealth and creation of a middle class that favors democratic rule

Front 4

Communist view of the Economic source of Authoritarianism

Back 4

Capitalism inevitable creates inequality, often necessitating autheroitarianism to prevent the redistribution of wealth among the people.

Front 5

Cultural source of the Societal source of Authoritarianism

Back 5

Certain cultural institutions are more amenable to authoritarianism because they promote such values as hierarchy, community over individual rights, and deference to authority

Front 6

Authoritarian means of Control

Back 6

Coercion
Cooptation
Personality Cult

Front 7

Coercion

Back 7

public obediance is enforced through violence and surveillance

Front 8

Cooptation

Back 8

members of the public are brought into a beneficial relationship with the state and government, often with corporatism or clientelism

Front 9

Personality Cult

Back 9

the public is encouraged to obey the leader based on his or her extraordinary qualities and compelling ideas

Front 10

Corporatism

Back 10

method which authoritarian regimes attempt to solidify their control by creating a limited number of organizations to represent the interests of the public

Front 11

Clientelism

Back 11

less structured way of cooptation; state coopts members of the public by providing specific benefits or favors to a single person or small group in return for support

Front 12

Rent-Seeking

Back 12

process in which political leaders essentially rent out parts of the state to their patrons, who as a result control public goods that would otherwise be distributed in a non political manner

Front 13

Kleptocracy

Back 13

"rule by theft" those in power seek only to further fill their own pockets and drain the state of assets and resources

Front 14

Personal Rule

Back 14

claim that one person is alone fit to run the country, with no clear regime or roles to constrain that person's rule. state and society seen as posessions

Front 15

Patrimonialism

Back 15

ruler depends on a collection of supporters within the state who gain direct benefits in return for enforcing the ruler's will.

Front 16

Military Rule

Back 16

rule by one or more military officers, often brought to power by a coup de'etat. found in latin american and africa

Front 17

Bureaucratic Authoritarianism

Back 17

system in which state bureaucracy and the military share a belief that a technocratic leadership, focused on rational, objective, technical expertise, can solve the problems of the country

Front 18

One-party rule

Back 18

single political party monopolizes politics and other parties are banned or excluded from power

Front 19

Quasi Democracies

Back 19

falling somewhere between democracy and authoritarianism; may appear like established democracies but whose regimes use questionable procedures

Front 20

Democracy

Back 20

political power exercised either directly or indirectly through participation, competition, and liberty

Front 21

Liberal Democracy

Back 21

political system that promotes participation, competition, and liberty. rooted in the ideology of liberalism (individual rights and freedoms)

Front 22

Indirect Democracy

or
Republicanism

Back 22

representative rule; emphasizes the separation of powers within a state and the representation of the public through elected officials

Front 23

Rule of Law

Back 23

condition in which the public and those in power respect and abide by the rules and norms of the democratic regime. democracy is thereby institutionalized

Front 24

First Past the Post
(FPTP)

Back 24

majority wins votes; single member districts; most common in United States, India, and the United Kingdom; results in two broad parties

Front 25

Proportional Representation
(PR)

Back 25

used in multi member districts;majority of democracies around the world; attempts to decrease the number of votes wasted, thus increasing the number of parties

Front 26

Referendum

Back 26

allowing a public vote on a particular policy issue; must be called for by the government

Front 27

initiative

Back 27

publicly initiated national referendum

Front 28

Plebiscites

Back 28

name for referenda or initiatives in which the vote is non binding for the government

Front 29

Head of State

Back 29

role that symbolizes and represents the people both nationally and internationally, emobdying and articulating the goals of the regime

Front 30

Head of Government

Back 30

deals with the everyday tasks of runnign the state, such as formulating and executing policy.

Front 31

Rise of Illiberal Democracy

Back 31

Countries with Centralized power have more problems with liberal democracy; a constitutional heritage is more important that democracy;