Comp Concepts For End Users

Front 1

Windows Explorer

Back 1

PROGRAM TO ORGANIZE AND MANIPULATE FILES STORED ON YOUR COMPUTER

Front 2

File shredder software

Back 2

permanently deleting- overwrites empty sectors with random 1's and 0's- good for when you are donating your computer

Front 3

Gateway

Back 3

any software or device used to join two networks

Front 4

Bandwidth

Back 4

transmission capacity of a communications channel- Broadband and Narrowband

Front 5

Narrowband

Back 5

Less capacity- internet and DSL

Front 6

Broadband

Back 6

^ capacity- cable, tv, DSL

Front 7

PAN

Back 7

Personal Area Network- wireless connection (30 feet) Example comp --> printer

Front 8

LAN

Back 8

Local area network- wireless single building

Front 9

MAN

Back 9

Metropolitan Area Network- public high speed (50 miles)

Front 10

WAN

Back 10

Wide Area Network- large area usually consists of smaller networks

Front 11

Server-client

Back 11

computer on a network + supplies with data. Client (responding to web page) requests data

Front 12

Mainframe

Back 12

Large and $$- simultaneously processing data for 100's or 1000's users- Business or government buildings (security) Is 6.5 feet tall 2,807 pounds $100,000 to one milly

Front 13

Data

Back 13

Symbols that represent people, events, things, ideas, names, #, colours, notes

Front 14

Digital

Back 14

1's 0's- text, #, sounds, graphics videos being converted. Example light switch going on and off

Front 15

Analog

Back 15

represents an infinite scale of values "dimmer"

Front 16

Numeric Data

Back 16

arithmetic operations binary code 0-1

Front 17

Character Data

Back 17

letters, symbols, numerals, NOT arithmetic (name addy #)

Front 18

ASCII

Back 18

American Standard Code for Information Interchange- 7 bits/ char. A=1000001. Uppercase, lower, punctuation, numerals

Front 19

Extended

Back 19

8 bits- other graphic symbols

Front 20

Unicode

Back 20

16bit

Front 21

Compiler

Back 21

converts all statements in a program in a single batch and results in a collection of instructions (object code) is placed in a new file

Front 22

Machine Language

Back 22

list of codes for microprocessors instruction sets- directly executed by processors circuitry

Front 23

Brute force attack

Back 23

password cracking software- runs for days much more extensive than dictionary attack

Front 24

Sniffing

Back 24

Records network tracking

Front 25

Phishing

Back 25

hacker obtains ISP and banking info

Front 26

Keylogger

Back 26

Records users keystrokes and sends information to a hacker- forms malicious codes

Front 27

Trojan

Back 27

seems to perform one thing but does another- type of virus

Front 28

ALU

Back 28

Arithmetic Logic Unit- +/- logical operations. Comparing numbers to see if they are the same

Front 29

Registers

Back 29

holds data that is being processed

Front 30

Control unit

Back 30

fetches each instruction

Front 31

Authentication Protocol

Back 31

any method that confirms a persons identity using something the persons knows, is, possesses

Front 32

Biometrics

Back 32

fingerprint, retinal, facial feature recognition

Front 33

User ID

Back 33

Character, letters- unique identifier

Front 34

Password

Back 34

verifies a user id

Front 35

Solid State Storage

Back 35

aka flash memory, earasible/ RW- like a digital camera

Front 36

LCD

Back 36

Liquid crystal display- produces images by manipulating light within a layer of liquid crystals- Standard on notebooks

Front 37

Resolution

Back 37

# of horizontal and vertical pixels that a device displays on a screen

Front 38

CD

Back 38

Compact disc- 80 minutes. 700 MB

Front 39

DVD

Back 39

Digital video disc/ digital versatile disk 4.7 GB (4700 MB) 7x CD capacity

Front 40

Optical storage

Back 40

stores data as a microscoptic light and dark spots( pits) on the disc surface (lands) lighter areas

Front 41

RAM

Back 41

Random access memory- temporarily holds data- chips. small circuit "waiting room"

Front 42

ROM

Back 42

Read only memory- holds computer start up routine- single integrated circuit permanent! "hard wired instructions"

Front 43

Linux Platform

Back 43

can use on windows or PC

Front 44

Serial processing

Back 44

one instruction processed at a time

Front 45

Pipelining

Back 45

instructions can be processed before previous instructions are complete

Front 46

Parallel Processing

Back 46

Multiple instructions at a time

Front 47

Peripheral Device

Back 47

designates input, output, and storage equipment added to a computer system to enhance functionality

Front 48

Form Factor

Back 48

size and dimensions of a component (system board or a unit) portable or not

Front 49

Digital Revolution

Back 49

Computers and the internet- 1980's. 40's and 50s had calculators- 50s computers for WWII, 1976 personal computers

Front 50

Bulletin Boards

Back 50

comments and questions- 1st type of social scene

Front 51

Chat groups

Back 51

Exchange messages real-time

Front 52

Blogs

Back 52

personal journals for public access weblogs

Front 53

Web

Back 53

World Wide Web- linked documents, graphics, and sounds accessed over the internet. 2009 there were 231 million websites

Front 54

Cyberspace

Back 54

entities that exist largely within computer networks

Front 55

Digitalization

Back 55

process of converting text, #s, sounds, photos, and videos into data that can be processed by digital services (cameras)

Front 56

Convergence

Back 56

Several technologies with distinct functions form into one single product (phone with camera and music player- i've side (quality)

Front 57

Open source

Back 57

developing and licensing software in which source codes remain public to be improved and freely distributed

Front 58

Input

Back 58

typed, transmitted, submitted into a computer supplied by a person, environment, or computers Example: words or symbols

Front 59

Output

Back 59

the result produced by a computer

Front 60

Data- processing

Back 60

the symbols that represent facts, objects, ideas. Computer manipulate data representing= processing

Front 61

CPU

Back 61

Central processing unit- microprocessors to programs to perform task based on received data

Front 62

Memory

Back 62

holds data waiting to be processed, stored, or output

Front 63

Storage

Back 63

data left on a permanent basis- not needed immediately- switches from one task to another

Front 64

PDA

Back 64

Personal digital assistant- pocket sized appointment book

Front 65

Application software

Back 65

a set of computer programs that helps a person carry out a taks (create, edit, print)

Front 66

System Software

Back 66

help computer systems monitor itself in order to function efficiently

Front 67

Operating System

Back 67

(OS) Master controller for all activities, starting and locating files

Front 68

Wi-fi

Back 68

wireless network technology- standards compatible with the internet (Example IEEE 802.11)

Front 69

Router

Back 69

wireless access point includes routing circuitry, can connect wi-fi networks to the internet

Front 70

Internet Backbone

Back 70

"Spine" increases the capacity of communication links. Provide main routes for data traffic

Front 71

ISP

Back 71

Internet service provider- company

Front 72

Modem

Back 72

Converts data signals from computer to communications channels

Front 73

TCP/ IP

Back 73

Responsible for message transaction on the internet. TCP- transmission control protocol- breaks messages into packets. IP- internet protocol- address packets so they can be routed to the desired areas

Front 74

Protocol suite

Back 74

combos that work together.

Front 75

TCP

Back 75

Transmission Control Protocol- creates, connects, and exchanges data

Front 76

IP

Back 76

Internet protocol- provides unique address

Front 77

HTTP

Back 77

Hypertext Transfer Protocol- Exchanges information over the web

Front 78

FTP

Back 78

File transfer protocol- transfers files between local and remote computer hosts

Front 79

POP

Back 79

Post office protocol- transfers email

Front 80

SMTP

Back 80

Simple mail transfer protocol. Emails messages over the server

Front 81

VOIP

Back 81

Voice over internet protocol- voice conversations

Front 82

Static IP

Back 82

Permanent page

Front 83

Dynamic IP

Back 83

Temporary page

Front 84

DNS

Back 84

Domain name system- unique IP addy entered into a large database

Front 85

Port

Back 85

Virtual device- abstract concept that allows a computer to perform more than one type of service

Front 86

Ping

Back 86

Packet internet Groper- send signals to address and awaits reply and notification

Front 87

Wimax

Back 87

A portable modem- coverage is limited

Front 88

Firewall

Back 88

designed to filter out suspicious packets attempting to enter or leave a computer

Front 89

NAT

Back 89

Network address translation- process your router uses to keep track of packets and public and private IP addresses

Front 90

Hypertext

Back 90

Stores literary documents, links and allows comments

Front 91

RSS

Back 91

Really simple syndication. Delivers files called "feeds" from web sites to people

Front 92

URL

Back 92

Uniform resource locator. Begins with http://- it is a unique address

Front 93

HTML

Back 93

Hypertext Markup Language- set of specifications for creating documents that a browser can display as a web page- how documents should appear

Front 94

DHTML

Back 94

Dynamic hypertext markup language- more animated

Front 95

Web crawler

Back 95

aka Web Spider- automated to visit web sites

Front 96

Cookies

Back 96

Local shared object- collect and store personal data- many users delete or block

Front 97

Keyword Stuffing

Back 97

unethical manipulated keywords placed to gain increased ratings Ex. "sex" but nothing to do with sex

Front 98

Phishing

Back 98

Reveals informations- scams

Front 99

Pharming

Back 99

An exploit that redirects users to a fake site by poisoning a domain with a false IP address. Appears legit- this is a very sophisticated way

Front 100

WMA

Back 100

Window media audio

Front 101

Resolution

Back 101

Bitmap graphics- the quality of an image depends on resolution

Front 102

Pixelated

Back 102

Create new pixels by averaging colours nearby- Example- enlarging an image

Front 103

JPEG

Back 103

Joint phtographic experts group- graphics store true colours

Front 104

GIF

Back 104

Graphics interchange format- 256 colours

Front 105

PIECES framework

Back 105

This systems helps classify problems. P-Performance (when system does not respond quickly enough) I- Information (users info) E-Economies (costs- too much to operate) C-Control (authority) E-Efficiency (too many resources used?) S-Service (too difficult)

Front 106

PERT

Back 106

Program evaluation and review technique- Analyze and identifies the time needed to complete each task

Front 107

RFP

Back 107

Request for proposal- describes problems and requirements for solutions

Front 108

RFQ

Back 108

Request for quotation. Price on hardware and software

Front 109

Data Type

Back 109

Specifies a way that data is represented on a disk or a RAM. Numeric or characters- letters, #s, symbols

Front 110

Logical Data type

Back 110

aka Boolean yes/no data, true/false

Front 111

Hyperlink

Back 111

Stores URLs used to link a database to a webpage Example- music store--> musician

Front 112

W3C

Back 112

World Wide Web Consortium

Front 113

Hierarchal Database

Back 113

one -to-one, one-to many- relationships are linked in a hierarchal structure

Front 114

Network database

Back 114

relationships between record types -mesh like

Front 115

XML

Back 115

Extensible Markup language- similar to HTML- allows a developer to customize tags

Front 116

NAT

Back 116

Network address translation- modifies IP addy in IPv4 headers

Front 117

Spoofing

Back 117

Deception

Front 118

Telnet

Back 118

enables one computer to communicate with another

Front 119

Piracy

Back 119

copyright infringement of software- unauthorized copying

Front 120

Network operating System

Back 120

server/ client uses multiple clients to share resources

Front 121

Disk Manager

Back 121

Software Ms-dos- initially a hard disk- used in the 80's and 90's

Front 122

Dithering

Back 122

"noise" randomizes error- colour blending images

Front 123

Hub

Back 123

Computer network device- "usb" holds many at once

Front 124

MIS

Back 124

Management information technology- department

Front 125

Modulation

Back 125

contains information that is to be transmitted in one or more wave forms

Front 126

Syntax

Back 126

Programming languages- grammar rules

Front 127

Syntax Error

Back 127

when an instruction does not follow the rules or grammar of a programmed language

Front 128

Low level language

Back 128

instructions of the lowest level of computer hardware

Front 129

High level language

Back 129

does the work of multiple low level commands

Front 130

Assembly language

Back 130

codes opposed to 0's and 1's- OP codes (abbreviated words)

Front 131

Runtime Error

Back 131

A program bug- shows up when you run a program- can't execute

Front 132

Logic Error

Back 132

Error in the logic or design of a program

Front 133

BPR

Back 133

Business Process Redesign- improving a business by making radical changes

Front 134

Convergence

Back 134

Merging of digital technology. Example- cell phones playing music

Front 135

Database

Back 135

collection of data store on one or more computers

Front 136

Record

Back 136

holds data for a single entity- person, place, or thing

Front 137

Field

Back 137

holds one item of data relevant to a records categories

Front 138

Relative Reference

Back 138

Reference that can change B4 to B3. Example- if you deleted a column the row would move up

Front 139

Absolute Reference

Back 139

Never changes when you insert rows

Front 140

Statistical software

Back 140

Helps you analyze large sets of data to discover relationships and patterns- display and explore data virtually

Front 141

Mathematical Modelling Software

Back 141

tools to solve math, science, and engineering problems

Front 142

Spreadsheets

Back 142

rows and column of numbers in real life situations (excel)

Front 143

Cell

Back 143

contains a value, label, or formula

Front 144

Value

Back 144

# in a calculation

Front 145

Label

Back 145

describes data

Front 146

Formula

Back 146

works behind the scenes to tell a computer how to use contents of the cells in calculations

Front 147

Word Processing

Back 147

Microsoft word- replaced typewriters

Front 148

Desktop publishing softwares

Back 148

DTP -graphic design- Adobe

Front 149

Web authoring

Back 149

creating web sites- HTML tags

Front 150

Format

Back 150

the way that all elements on a document are arranged

Front 151

Vector Graphics

Back 151

a set of instructions for re-creating a picture

Front 152

Rastering

Back 152

superimposing a grid over images and determining the colour of each pixel

Front 153

Tracing

Back 153

locates the edges of objects in a bitmap im age and converts the resulting shapes into graphic objects

Front 154

Wireframes

Back 154

pop up tent- covered with surface texture and colour to create 3-D graphics

Front 155

Rendering

Back 155

the process of wireframes- colour to create 3-D graphic

Front 156

DRM

Back 156

Digital Rights Management. Protects products of the entertainment industry- copyrights holders to limit access to

Front 157

Microsoft Windows

Back 157

80% of personal computers

Front 158

Mac OS x

Back 158

Macintosh operating systems- Apple. X= ten- more sophisticated

Front 159

UNIX

Back 159

1969 AT&T Bell was dependable- there were many versions

Front 160

File extension

Back 160

File name extensions- separated from main name Example Paint.exe (exe is the extension)

Front 161

File specification

Back 161

aka path file name

Front 162

Defragmentation Utility

Back 162

Software tool rearranges files on a disk so they are stored in clusters

Front 163

Detailed reports

Back 163

inventory lists- organized lists

Front 164

DSL

Back 164

Digital Subscriber line- high speed internet connection- telephone lines

Front 165

EBCDIC

Back 165

Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code- represents character data- digital computers

Front 166

Exception Report

Back 166

Management generated- low inventory list

Front 167

Function

Back 167

Spreadsheet software built in calculation formation

Front 168

Gantt Chart

Back 168

Chart that depicts projects schedule by showing tasks as a bar on a chart

Front 169

Magnetic Storage

Back 169

Technology for recording data onto disks and tape by magnetizing particles of an oxide toasted surface coating

Front 170

Malware

Back 170

Malicious software- viruses and worms disrupt

Front 171

Output

Back 171

Results produced by a computer- music, graphs

Front 172

Record Occurrence

Back 172

A record that has been filled with data for a particular entity

Front 173

RF signals

Back 173

Radio frequency Signals- they broadcast and receive information via radio waves

Front 174

SSL

Back 174

Secure socket layers- uses encryption to establish secure connections between computers and web sites

Front 175

Tracing

Back 175

Locates edges of objects in a bitmap graphic image and converts the shapes into vectors

Front 176

3G

Back 176

third generation

Front 177

Browser

Back 177

Retrieving, presenting, traversing information

Front 178

CMOS

Back 178

Complementary metal oxide semiconductor- constructs and integrates circuits

Front 179

Demodulation

Back 179

extracting information from a wave electronic circuit

Front 180

Control panel

Back 180

views and manipulates basic system settings

Front 181

Desktop publishing

Back 181

creation of documents using a page layout skill

Front 182

CSS

Back 182

Content scramble system- digital rights management- encrypt and control content on DVDs

Front 183

Information

Back 183

collects, stores, processes data- organized

Front 184

Mission statement

Back 184

Organizes goals and how they will accomplish them

Front 185

Organizational chart

Back 185

hierarchy of employees in an organization

Front 186

Strategic planning

Back 186

long range planning and future goals

Front 187

Tactical planning

Back 187

what will be achieved in a year or less

Front 188

Operational planning

Back 188

day-to-day planning

Front 189

TPS

Back 189

Transaction processing system- ways to collect, process, store, display, modify or cancel transactions

Front 190

Ad hoc report

Back 190

a demand report- specifies information not available on scheduled reports

Front 191

Exception report

Back 191

information that is outside normal/acceptable ranges

Front 192

DSS

Back 192

Decision support system- helps people make decisions by directly manipulating data

Front 193

Data Mining

Back 193

Analyzing existing data to discover unknown useful information

Front 194

Data warehouse

Back 194

for data from more than one database

Front 195

Record

Back 195

collection of data files

Front 196

Record type

Back 196

fields- no data

Front 197

User interface

Back 197

combination of hardware and software that helps people and computers communicate

Front 198

command line interface

Back 198

requires users to type memorized commands to run programs and tasks

Front 199

Graphical user interface

Back 199

provides a way to point and click a mouse

Front 200

Kernal

Back 200

provides essential operating systems services- memory management and file access

Front 201

Computer virus

Back 201

attaches itself to a file, and reproduces and spreads to other files. It is the distribution of infected files

Front 202

Trojan

Back 202

Pretends to perform one action while really performing another and infecting your computer

Front 203

Keylogger

Back 203

records a users keystrokes- hackers use this

Front 204

Antivirus software

Back 204

looks for viruses

Front 205

Vertical market software

Back 205

automates specialized tasks in a specific market or business

Front 206

Horizontal market software

Back 206

generic- any business can use this

Front 207

Software suite

Back 207

collection of software sold as a single package (mic office)

Front 208

EULA license

Back 208

end user license agreement

Front 209

3-d graphics

Back 209

wideframes and are three dimensional

Front 210

CAD

Back 210

Computer aided design software- 3-D for architects and engineers- blueprints and product specifications (autocad)

Front 211

presentation

Back 211

tools you need

Front 212

Client/ server mode

Back 212

hierarchal structure- servers are at the top

Front 213

peer-to-peer

Back 213

workstations serve as clients and servers

Front 214

Communications protocol

Back 214

set of rules for transmitting data from one network to another

Front 215

Ethernet

Back 215

waves that provide options for transporting data over wireless networks

Front 216

LAN devices (5) Star, Ring, Bus, Mesh, tree

Back 216

Star- home networks- central connection point that links workstations. Ring- connects all devices in a circle- each one has two neighbours failure in one= all- this is not used often. Bus- connects all on a common backbone- stops with a terminator- performs poorly. Mesh- connects each device to manage many networks- used today! Tree- blend of sta and bus- used for school and businesses -refer to pics

Front 217

Kilobyte, kilobit

Back 217

1000- small computer file 1.024

Front 218

Megabyte, megabits

Back 218

Million- medium to large file- 1,048,576

Front 219

Gigabyte, gigabit

Back 219

Billion- storage capacity - 1 billion

Front 220

Terabyte

Back 220

Trillion

Front 221

Petabyte

Back 221

1000 trillion 2^50