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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What are the 3 types of joints?
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synovial, true
fibrous, suture cartilaginous, vertebral |
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what is an example of a true/synovial joint
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shoulder, stifle
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what is an example of a fibrous, suture joint?
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skull
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what is an example of a cartilaginous joint?
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the pelvic symphyses, mandible
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joint cavity
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space between the bones
contains synovial fluid |
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joint capsule
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connective tissue that surrounds the joint
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name and describe the two layers in a synovial joint
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1. fibrous membrane: outer, heavy connective tissue
2. synovial membrane: delicate vascular connective tissue, secretes synovial fluid, covers everything except the articular cartilage |
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synovial fluid
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lubricant
carries nutrients to the articular cartliage transparent and viscous |
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articular cartilage
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hyaline cartilage
smooth glass-like, covers articular surface of bone |
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Types of synovial joints
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1. Hinged
2. Ball and Socket 3. Pivot |
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what is the only true pivot joint?
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atlas and axis
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Bursa
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synovial sac between two structures that rub together
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synovial/tendon sheath
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protects tendons
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What is the largest and most complex joint in the body?
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stifle
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name the five ligaments in the stifle joint
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Cranial cruciate ligament
Caudal cruciate ligament Medial colateral ligament Lateral colateral ligament Patellar ligament |
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Meniscus
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is a cushion on the stifle between the bones
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Which ligament is most commonly ruptured in the stifle?
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Cranial Cruciate Ligament
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What attaches muscle to bone?
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tendons
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what attaches bone to bone
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ligaments
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what are the three parts of a muscle?
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Origin
Belly Insertion |
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Sphincter
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circular band of muscle around an opening
can be voluntary or involuntary |
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What are the 4 types of muscles?
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1. Smooth
2. Skeletal 3. Cardiac 4. Cutaneous |
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smooth muscle is involuntary or voluntary?
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involuntary
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skeletal muscle is involuntary or voluntary?
striated or unstriated? |
voluntary
striated |
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Cardiac muscle is involuntary or voluntary, striated or unstriated?
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involuntary
striated |
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What is an important back muscle?
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longissimus lumborum
used for IM injections |
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how many layers of muscle are in the abdominal wall?
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4
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Linea Alba
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connective tissue that surrounds the muscles-joins at the mid-line
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Diaphram
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muscle of respiration
divids the thoracic and abdominal cavities |
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Biceps Brachii
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cranial, medial surface of humerus
flexor of the elbow |
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Triceps brachii
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caudal lateral aspect of humerus
4 heads that join to form a common tendon |
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Gluteal muscles
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3 different ones
superficial, middle and deep |
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Quadriceps
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large muscle cranial to femur
extends knee |
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Biceps femoris
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around lateral thigh
long and superficial extends 3 joints |
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semitendinosus
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caudal aspect of thigh
both flexor and extensor |
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semimembranosus
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medial to semitendinosus
stifle extensor |
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What 4 muscles do you use for IM injections in dog and cat?
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longissimus lumborum
semimembranosus semitendonosus quadriceps |
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Nuchal ligament
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dense connective tissue that allows horses and cows to raise their head without effort
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what is the largest bird muscle?
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pectoralis major
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