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63 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Quad Council in '97:
ANA, american public health association, association of health nurse educators, association of state and territorial directors of nursing |
8 tenants of community health nursing
-population based -partner with pop representatives -primary prevention is priority -interventions for healthy conditions -reach out to all who can benefit -greater good of pop is key -resources divided for max pop health gain -collaborate through other professionals and organizations |
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structure dimension
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hospitals, clinics, urgent care, dentists, doctors
(more clinics imply less prevention, no primary care prevention) |
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5 phases of gaining entry into the community
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Kauffman's 5 phases:
impressing behaving swapping belonging chilling out |
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**The most vulnerable population is usually affected by?
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poverty
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A determinant of health:
Socioeconomic factors |
includes financial, educational, and employment components
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How do behavioral factors make a person vulnerable?
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depression, low self-esteem etc. affect the ability or desire to have good health
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IOM unequal treatment study
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racial and ethnic disparities do exist even when healthcare availability are the same
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Vulernable populations: Migrant Workers
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live in rural areas
very little home health care migrant workers 50% more likely to die of an injury b/c they can't get the same healthcare |
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How many homeless U.S. people are there?
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hard to estimate; cannot get a correct census
over 1 million people |
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Impoverished people
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no material posessions or homes; not enough resources, education, etc to meet basic living means
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How do you get information about vulnerable groups?
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ask them! (key informants)
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Half of deaths in the US are not d/t natural causes
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What does education have to do with health?
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Even just completing high school leads to better health
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**primary prevention
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population based education programs
safety programs (helmet laws, prenatal care) |
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**secondary prevention
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link between risk and morbility
early detection screening surveillance (eye exams, smoking cessation) |
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**tertiary prevention
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reduction within the morbilty
minimize sequelae (rehab) prevent premature mortailty (bariatric therapy) minimize burden (caregiver support) |
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2 components of health literacy
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can the individual understand the words and concepts
clarity of the health information |
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what % of adults are proficient in health literacy?
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12%
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6 dimensions of patient centered care
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respesct
coordination/integration of care information |
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urban population
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at least 50,000 people in an area
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Quiz 1
Populations - nursing care population (cardiac care; diabetes, etc) Population care is |
care across the population - not about the individual!
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Quiz 1
Look over HP 2020 |
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Quiz 1
Objectives must be.... |
measurable
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census
cdc vital statistics (morbility, mortailty) quad council |
for objective facts on a community
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Quiz 1
job descriptions for CHN |
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Quiz 1
#1 thing you want to give patients |
safe care (safety is #1) unless the pt doesn't want it
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Quiz 1
reliable source of community info |
key informants
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Quiz 1
population focused practices |
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Quiz 1
healthcare literacy primary/secondary/tertiary |
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Quiz 1
Key component to reducing errors |
culture of safety
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counts
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the number of individuals with a disease
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rate
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counts which includes time frame
# health events in specific period /divided by/ population in SAME area in SAME specific period |
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**prevalence rates**
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most important in determining the total burden of the illness on that community
**allows for allocation of resources** **you can map them** |
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descriptive epidemiology
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focuses on frequency and distribution of health states
"who, what, when, where" |
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epidemiological triad includes
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1. health problems
2. determine protective factors 3. evaluate the factors that make the host vulnerable to disease |
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agents must be present for an infection to occur:
some agents are: |
chemicals
toxins physical agents (radiation, etc) bacteria, virus, fungi intestinal parasites insect vectors |
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endemic
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persistent, expected health-related state or event in a given population over a certain period of time
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***Vaccine and preventable diseases
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diptheria (combined with tetanus - Tdap)
measles polio influenza pneumonia hepatitis A,B,C,D,E (A and B have vaccine) Varicella |
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GNRG
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gram negative resistant growth
(e coli, psudoemoas, etc.) |
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Common food borne diseases
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Campylobacteriosis - diarrhea, resolves in 1 wk
Listeriosis - 1 in 5 die Salmonellosis E. Coli |
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Common vector borne diseases
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Lyme disease - rash with bull's eye
Malaria - oldest known disease West Nile virus |
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Zoonoses
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Hantavirus - flulike sx, ARDS
Avian Influenza Pet diseases (cat scratch, salmonella) Rabies |
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Parasitic diseases
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Helminths - pinwom, roundworm, hookworm
Protozoans (giardiasis - terrible diarrhea; crypotosporidiosis - diarrhea) |
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***what is the first sign of bioterrorism attack?
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flu-like symptoms
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Bioterrorism agent categories
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A - worst
B - middle C - not as dangerous |
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**TB
Symptoms: |
Fatigue
weight loss fever chills night sweats |
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Lympatic filariasis
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"elephant man syndrome"
only 10-15% show symptoms spread from person to person by mosquitoes |
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25% of worldwide diseases are caused by
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by poor environment
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Recent ecological changes that can lead to environmental health problems
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pop movement
deforestation irrigation expanding urbanization change in agricultural practices |
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**what do you do as a CHN about environmental concerns?
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communicate risks
assess and refer clients for further evaluation use "up-stream" thinking - whats going to happen later? what can we do now? |
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Planning is complete when pt agrees to:
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goals, objectives, and teaching method
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Community health learning occurs when
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knowledge, attitudes, and/or behaviors change within an entire community
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Violence is predictable and preventable, and is always
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repeating, or they do it over and over
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Gentrification
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When an community's character is changed (i.e. rich people move in, tax rates go up, poor people forced out)
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IPV
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intimate partner violence
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Children who witness violence have a very low success rate in life, often not graduating school.
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What happens to HIPPA during a declared disaster?
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Its hard for patients to sue somebody for something that happens during a disaster
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Who is the only person that can declare a national disaster?
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The President
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What is the main symptom with children with PTSD?
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they regress
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Quiz 3 is the disaster lecture, global lecture, 25 ?s
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ICN - international council of nurses
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federation of 129 different countries, represent nurses worldwide
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Declaration of Alma Ata
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1978 document from international conference on primary health care - said health care is essential, should be universally accessible
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Millennium Development Goals
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2000 - governments responsible for their citizens, but countries work together to create world with less hunger, poverty, disease, death rates; better education; equal rights for women
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