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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Water fluoridation
~Define: ~History:___ ___ ___ |
Water fluoridation
~Define: controlled addition to public water supply ~History: Colorado brown stain |
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In the us: over ___ % of population drink fluoridation water
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In the us: over 50% of population drink fluoridation water
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What are the requirement for public health program fluoridation?
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~Requirement of public health program: low cost, effective, safe, available to large numbers, requires minimum compliance
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Fluoridation Benefits:
~__-___% reduction in caries (children) ~___-___% reduction today ~___-___% reduction of coronal and root caries (adult) ~Benefits ____ when fluoridation discontinued ~Benefits ___ surfaces primarily ~Benefits ___ and ____teeth ~Prevents ____ ~Indirectly reduces _____ |
Fluoridation Benefits:
~60-65% reduction in caries (children) ~20-35% reduction today ~20-40% reduction of coronal and root caries (adult) ~Benefits lost when fluoridation discontinued ~Benefits smooth surfaces primarily ~Benefits primary and permanent teeth ~Prevents osteoporosis ~Indirectly reduces periodontitis |
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Fluoridation Critical period~Greatest benefits in ___ to age ___
~___ to age ___ ~Late secretion or early maturation stage of enamel |
Fluoridation Critical period
~Greatest benefits in birth to age 12 ~Birth to age 4 ~Late secretion or early maturation stage of enamel |
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Fluoridation Cost
~__ to ___ per person annually ~Average is ___ per person ~Cost vary to size of community ~Vary according to equipment paid for ~Results in ___% saving in treatment cost |
Fluoridation Cost
~.12 to 5.41 per person annually ~Average is .51 per person ~Cost vary to size of community ~Vary according to equipment paid for ~Results in 50% saving in treatment cost |
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Fluoridation Optimal Concentration
~Range of __ to __ ppm ~Optimal depends on the ___ as it relates to water consumption ~Average optimal concentration in U.S. is _ ___F |
Fluoridation Optimal Concentration
~Range of .7 to 1.2ppm ~Optimal depends on the climate as it relates to water consumption ~Average optimal concentration in U.S. is 1ppm F |
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Fluoridation 3 compounds used?
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Fluoridation compounds used:
~Sodium Fluoride (solid) ~Sodium Silicofluoride (solid)~Hydrofluorisilic acid (solution) |
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This is a type of compound used for Fluoridation:
~Most popular chemical ~Byproduct of production of fertilizers ~Least expensive |
Fluoridation Sodium Silicofluoride (solid)
~Most popular chemical ~Byproduct of production of fertilizers ~Least expensive |
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What type of fluoridation compound is this?~Most expensive
~Consider metals used and more expensive to maintain equipment |
Type of compound used in fluoridation:
Hydrofluorisilic acid (solution) ~Most expensive ~Consider metals used and more expensive to maintain equipment |
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Fluoridation Safety
~___at optimum level ~Studies show ___ relationship between F and cancer, heart disease, or any other ~Equipment controls in place ~Annual training |
Fluoridation Safety
~Safe at optimum level ~Studies show NO relationship between F and cancer, heart disease, or any other ~Equipment controls in place ~Annual training |
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Fluoridation Defluoridation
~definition ~___ process ~____ by EPA if concentration 2-4 ppm ~____ by EPA if flouride is concentration > 4 ppm |
Fluoridation Defluoridation
~Removal of excess naturally occurring F ~Costly process ~Recommended by EPA if concentration 2-4 ppm ~Require by EPA is concentration > 4 ppm |
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Fluoridation help with prevention of caries in the community:
~___ppm ~Range of .__ to __ ppm based on climate ~Is it medicine? ~___ in dental fluorosis |
Fluoridation in the community:
Community ~1ppm ~Range of .7 to 1.2 ppm based on climate ~Is it medicine? NO ~Increase in dental fluorosis |
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School based Fluoridation
~Concentration ___ times greater than recommended level ~Fluoride ____ 1mg (typically not used) ~Mouth rinse (swish and spit) o10 ml solution __% neutral sodium weekly (more popular) o10 ml solution __% neutral sodium daily |
School based Fluoridation
~Concentration 4.5 times greater than recommended level ~Fluoride tablets 1mg (typically not used) ~Mouth rinse (swish and spit) o10 ml solution .2% neutral sodium weekly (more popular) o10 ml solution .05% neutral sodium daily |
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Fluoride Metabolism
~Body rapidly ____ F ~Absorbed in ____ and ____ primarily ~Deposited in ___ and ___ ___ ~As none saturation approached, fluoride excreted through ___,___,___ ~Renal clearance ___ ~Salivary content __ as F intake __ |
Fluoride Metabolism
~Body rapidly absorbs F ~Absorbed in stomach and intestine primarily ~Deposited in bones and developing enamel ~As none saturation approached, fluoride excreted through kidneys, sweats, feces ~Renal clearance rapid ~Salivary content increase as F intake increase |
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Fluoride Mechanism of Action
~___ and ___ effects ~Incorporated into hydroxyapatite crystals ~Continued ____ ~___ acid production ~___ plaque adherence ~____ effect |
Fluoride Mechanism of Action
~Systemic and topical effects ~Incorporated into hydroxyapatite crystals ~Continued remineralization ~Inhibits acid production ~Reduces plaque adherence ~Bactericidal effect |
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Toxicity of fluoride
~Toxic dose: __mg F per kg (2.3#) body weight ~Lethal dose ___ g F or 2.2 mg per 44# of body weight ~___-___ mg F/kg body weight is CLD ~__-___ g is lethal for adult male |
Toxicity of fluoride
~Toxic dose: 5mg F per kg (2.3#) body weight ~Lethal dose 1 g F or 2.2 mg per 44# of body weight ~32-64 mg F/kg body weight is CLD ~5-10 g is lethal for adult male |
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Symptoms of toxicity of fluoride (4)
Treatment for toxicity? |
Symptoms of toxicity of fluoride
~Nausea ~Vomiting ~Diarrhea ~Abdominal cramping Treatment ~Induce vomiting ~Administer Ca+ to bind (milk) |
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Physiological effect of fluoride?
(2) |
Physiological effect fluoride
~Chemical burns ~Inhibition of enzymes systems |
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School water fluoridation
- all kids in school that live in non fluoridated water@ home - F is added to water @ __ optimum level - __ % reduction in caries |
School water fluoridation
- all kids in school that live in non fluoridated water@ home - F is added to water @ _4.5x optimum level - _ 40% reduction in caries |
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School Fluoride Tablet Program
~ 1mg __ daily- swish/swallow ~ __% in caries School Rinse Program ~ 0.05% NaF daily ~ 0.2% F preferred ~ ___% reduction in caries |
School Fluoride Tablet Program
~ 1mg _F daily- swish/swallow ~ _35% in caries School Rinse Program ~ 0.05% NaF daily ~ 0.2% F preferred ~ _25% reduction in caries |
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Fluoride supplement
Not recommended as public health measure due to noncompliance and cost Drops: 10 drops = ____ Tablets o 1 tablets= _____ o Swish & swallowed Amount of RX limited (264 mg F) Same systemic effectiveness as water F Compliance is problem |
Fluoride supplement
Not recommended as public health measure due to noncompliance and cost Drops: 10 drops = 1 mg F Tablets o1 tablets= 1 mg F 2.2 mg NaF oSwish swallowed Amount of RX limited (264 mg F) Same systemic effectiveness as water F Compliance is problem |
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Promotion of Fluoride
political arena includes___ leadership in campaign o scientific base, be informed, educate opposition based on claims ~what are they (4)? |
Promotion of Fluoride
political arena o local political action; referendum leadership in campaign o scientific base, be informed, educate opposition based on claims o unsafe (poison) o infringement of right o ineffective for adults o emotional appeal |
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Fluorosis......
Definition= ____ Occurrence o Early maturation period of enamel Level= __ is mild flurosis / __ is mod- severe fluorosis o 1-2 ppm will cause mild fluorosis Prevalence= __ % Prevention= ___ Treatment= ____ |
Fluorosis
Definition oHypomineralization/ hypocalcification Occurrence o Early maturation period of enamel Level o 1-2 ppm will cause mild fluorosis o >2ppm mod-severe fluorisis Prevalence o 50% prevalence very mild Prevention o Control swallowing of excess F Treatment o Polish/ grind enamel to smooth |
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Sealant programs
Recommended for ____ populations Select community that is __ School within community o ____ benefit most Children within the school o Seal __ & __ graders o Seal __ before ___ o ____ before Anglo children Select teeth within the children o Teeth with ____ morphology |
Sealant programs
Recommended for high risk populations Select community o Lower socioeconomic School within community o Lower socioeconomic benefit most Children within the school o Seal 1st and 6th grader o Seal females before males o African American before Anglo children Select teeth within the children o Teeth with deep Occlusal morphology |
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Sealant programs
Recommended for ____ populations Select community that is __ School within community o ____ benefit most Children within the school o Seal __ & __ graders o Seal __ before ___ o ____ before Anglo children Select teeth within the children o Teeth with ____ morphology |
Sealant programs
Recommended for high risk populations Select community o Lower socioeconomic School within community o Lower socioeconomic benefit most Children within the school o Seal 1st and 6th grader o Seal females before males o African American before Anglo children Select teeth within the children o Teeth with deep Occlusal morphology |
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ADA supplement dosage chart
pg. 553 wilkins |
age <.3ppm .3-.6ppm >.6ppm
-6mo 0mg 0mg 0mg 6mo-3yr .25mg 0mg 0 3-6yr .50mg .25mg 0mg 6-16yrs 1.0mg .5mg .25mg |