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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Lifespan Stages |
- Prenatal: Conception to Birth - Infancy: Birth to 18 months - Childhood: 3-12 years - Adolescence: 12-18 years - Early Adulthood: 18-39 years - Middle Adulthood: 40-64 years - Late Adulthood: 65+ years |
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Milestones in infancy |
- Growth is rapid - Learn to eat, crawl and walk e.t.c - Social interaction begin |
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Milestones in Late Adulthood |
- Retirement - Decline in health - Loss of spouse/ changes in family - Memory loss |
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Principle of development Development occurs in a predictable and orderly way |
Aspects require foundational skills to occur first before progressing to the next e.g. Use of vocal cords before words and then full sentances |
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Principle of development Development is continual |
Foundations laid in one stage continue upon in the next e.g. Body systems of memory |
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Principle of development There are individual variations in the rate and timing of development |
It is normal for there to be differences in development e.g. hormones, genetics, nutrition & physical activity levels |
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Principle of development Development proceeds from simple to complex |
Cephalocaudal: to the development that occurs from head down e.g. the head is biggest at first Proximodistal Development: occurs from centre or core in an outward direction e.g. spine development |
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Principle of development Development proceeds from simple to complex |
Motor skills development go from simple to complex e.g. Abstract thoughts to develop |
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Physical Development |
Changes in the body and its systems e.g. - Change in size - Complexity (e.g. nerve systems) - Motor skills (e.g. walk/ write) |
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Intellectual Development |
Changes in a way a person change, think and reason e.g. - Formation of intelligence - Recognition/ memory - Establishment and expansion of vocabulary - Understand concepts - Problem solving |
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Emotional Development |
Refers to feelings and moods and the way in which an individual learns to express, understand and exercise control over them. e.g. - Sadness - Fear - Happiness - Anger |
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Social Development |
Increasing complexity of behaviour patterns used in relationships with other people e.g. - Learning to behave - Values |
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Developments related to infancy: Physical |
- Growth during the first 12 months is rapid - A newborn's vision is blurry by after 3 weeks that can see colour and shapes - At about 4 weeks movement will become fluid as muscle control matures |
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Developments related to infancy: Intellectual |
- When born brain is not fully formed - After 6 weeks able to recognise parents - At 4 months babies language is developing - At 9 moths may be able you understand ‘Yes’ and ‘No’ |
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Developments related to infancy: Emotional |
- At 4 weeks babies will be able you vocalise to express feelings - 3 months: smile, kick and wave arms to express emotion - 7 months make feelings more obvious - 8 months able to express like and dislikes |
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Developments related to infancy: Social |
- The first week after birth a baby observes the facial features a voices of family - At 7 weeks be able you respond to carer - At 3 months will smile more frequently - 8 months basic games |
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Physical Health |
How efficiently and/or effectively the body and its systems are able to function e.g. - Fitness Levels - Coordination - Appropriate weight for height |
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Mental Health |
State of wellbeing in which the individual is able to realise his or her own ability to cope with normal stresses of life, can work productively and is able to make contributions to his or her own community e.g. - Level of self esteem |
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Social Health |
Being able to interact with others and participate in the community in both an individual and cooperative way. e.g. - Manage friendships - Accept responsibility for actions |
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Definition of Health |
A complete state of physical, social and mental well being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity |
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Health Status |
Refers to an individual or population overall levels of health, taking into account various aspects such as life expectancy, amount of disability and levels of disease risk factors. |
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Life Expectancy |
An indication of how long a person can expect to live; it is a number of life remaining to a person at a particular age if death rate do not change |
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Mortality |
Deaths in a population |
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Mortality Rate |
The measure of the proportion of a population who die in the period of 1 year (usually per 100,000) |
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Morbidity |
Ill health in an individual and the levels in a population or group |
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Burden of disease |
A measure of the impact of disease and injuries; specifies and in an ideal situation where everyone lives free of disability |
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Disability Life Adjusted Years |
Measure through the use of two indicators: - Year of life lost (YLL) - Years of life lost due to disability (YLD) |
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Years of life lost |
A measure of the number of expected life lost due to premature death. |
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Years of life lost due to disability |
A measure of life lost due to illness, injury or disability |
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Prevalence |
The number of proportion of cases of a particular disease or condition present at a given time. |
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Trend |
Is generally consistent movement in the same direction or a period of time |
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Incidents |
The number or rate of new cases of a particular condition during a specific time |
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Determinants of Health Biological |
Are factors relating to the body that affect health and development e.g. - Genetics - Hormones - Body Weight |
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Determinants of Health Behavioural |
Are the actions or patterns of living of an individual or group that affect health e.g. - Nutrition - Participation in physical activity - Substance use - Sexual practice - Sun protection |
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Determinants of Health Physical Environment |
Is the physical surroundings that in which we live, work and play e.g. - Water and air quality - Work and house environment - Access to recreational facilities |
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Determinants of Health Social |
Refers to the aspects of society and the social environment that impact health e.g. - Food security - Socioeconomic status - Media -Culture - Access to healthcare |
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Social model of health |
The social model of health is an approach to health that attempts to address the broader influences on health (social, cultural, environmental and economic factors) rather than the disease or injury itself |
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Action areas of the Ottawa Charter |
Bad Cats Smell Dead Rats - Build a healthy public policy - Create supportive environments - Strengthen community action - Develop personal skills - Reorient Health Services |
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OTTAWA Build a healthy public policy |
This relates to decisions made by the governments and other organisations about policies, rules and laws that affect health. They result in making healthier easier choices. e.g. - Banning smoking in public places - Wearing seat belts |
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OTTAWA Create supportive environments |
Supportive environments promote health by helping people practise health behaviors. A supportive environment provides safe, stimulating, satisfying and enjoyable living and working conditions. e.g. - Provision of shade - Safe roads |
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OTTAWA Strengthen community action |
This action area involves building links between individuals and groups and encourages the community to word towards a common goal. e.g. - Sun smart Campaign (involves action by VicHealth cancer council and the use of media) |
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OTTAWA Develop personal skills |
Providing opportunities for people to develop knowledge and skills that give them greater control over their health. Education is a strong element of this area. e.g. - Learn to… cook nutritious food - Reduce UV exposure - Check for breast cancer |
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OTTAWA Reorient Health Services |
Refer to re-orientating the health system so that it promotes health land prevention, rather than focusing only on diagnosis and treatment e.g. - Doctors discusses the benefits of quitting smoking to a patient with asthma |
