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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Health Promotion
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Activities that enhance resources directed at improving well-being.
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Disease Prevention
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Activities that protect people from disease and the effects of disease.
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Who identified the three levels of prevention commonly described in nursing practice?
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Leavell and Clark - 1958
1. Primary 2. Secondary 3. Tertiary |
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Primary Prevention
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Level 1
This involves the prevention of problems before they occur. Example: Immunization |
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Secondary Prevention
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Level 2
This involves early detection and intervention. Example: Screening for sexually transmitted disease |
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Tertiary
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Level 3
This involves the correction and prevention of deterioration of a disease state. Example: Teaching insulin administration in the home. |
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10 Great Public Health Achievments, 1900-1999
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1. Vaccinations
2. Motor Vehicle Saftey 3. Safer Workplaces 4. Control of infectious diseases 5. Decline in deaths from heart disease and stroke 6. Safer and healthier food 7. Healthier mothers and babies 8. Family planning 9. Fluoridation of drinking water 10. Recognition of tobacco use as a health hazard. |
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Lillian Wald
(and Mary Brewster) |
Established a distric nursing service on the Lower East Side of NYC called the HOUSE on HENRY STREET (HHS)
HHS was a crowded area filled with unemployed and homeless immigrants who needed health care. HHS later became the Visiting Nurse Association of NYC. This played an important role in establishing public health nursing in the US. |
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What is the mission of public/community health?
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SOCIAL JUSTICE
This entitiles all people to basic necessities such as adequate income and health protection and accepts collective burdens to make this possible. |
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3 Core Functions of The Public Health System
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1. Assessment
2. Policy Development 3. Assurance |
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Major Determinants of Health
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1. Having enough food
2. Having a place to live 3. Obtaining an education 4. Having a healthy environment to live in. |
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Community Health Characteristics or Dimensions
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1. STATUS = health status of community (morbitiy and mortality)
2. STRUCTURE = community health services & resources 3. PROCESS = effective community function or problem solving |
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MAPP
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Mobilizing for Action through Planning and Partnership (MAPP)
This is a large scale community assessment framework. |
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Epidemiology
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The study of health related states or illness
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Purpose of Epidimiology
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1. Describe the health status of populations.
2. Predict the occurrence of disease 3. Control the distribution of disease |
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Epidemiological Triangle
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1. Host
2. Environment 3. Agent |
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Agent of Disease
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This involves etiologic factors
1. Nutritive elements 2. Chemical agents 3. Physical agents 4. Infectious agents |
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Host Factors
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Influence exposure, suscept or response to agent
1. Genetics 2. Age 3. Sex 4. Ethnic Group 5. Prior immunological experience 6. Human behavior |
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Environmental Factors
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Influence existence of the agent, exposure, or susceptibility to agent
1. Physical environment 2. Biological environment 3. Socioeconomic environment |
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Epidemiological Methods
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1. Descriptive
a. Focuses on the amount and distribution of health and health problems within a population 2. Analytic a. Investigates the causes of disease by asking why a disease rate is lower in one population than another b. Wants to determine patterns - how, why the disease pattern occurred. |
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Incidence
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The number of NEW cases over a period of time
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Prevalence
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The number of EXISTING cases of a disease in a population at a designated time
(this is the EXTENT of the problem) |
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Endemic
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A disease habitually present in a particular geographic region
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Epidemic
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Excessive occurrence of a disease, excessive prevalence
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Pandemic
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Global epidemic
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