Community Exam #2

Front 1

1869

Back 1

First State Health Department (MA)

Front 2

1872

Back 2

American Public Health Assoc.

Front 3

1946

Back 3

Communicable Disease Center (CDC) later known as the centers for Disease control

Front 4

Influences of Lifestyle and Technology (5)

Back 4

1. Crowding/Sanitation
2. Day care centers
3. Travel: SARS, cholera, dengue fever, measles, malaria, plague, y. fever
4. Live Animals: Prairie dogs
5. Food Shipments: meat, pet food

Front 5

Population safety vs. Individual Rights

Back 5

safety trumps rights!!
Use edu. vs. quarantine
Reporting HIV cases by name (contact investigation)

Front 6

Role of Boards of Health (4)

Back 6

1. Legislative Mandate
2. Environmental Control
3. Report disease oversight (rats)
4. Immunization & Vaccines (oversight/recc.)

Front 7

NH DHHS (Dept. of Health & Human Services)

Back 7

Reportable disease oversight
immunizations & Vaccines
Commnuicable disease control & surveillance
Protecting international travelers

Front 8

Reportable Disease Oversight

Back 8

:)

Front 9

Groups @ Greater Risk For Contraction of disease

Back 9

TB/STD/HEP/ HIV

Front 10

TB

Back 10

ind'v w/ HIV
Prisoners & Homeless
Poor Urban Ind'v
Minorities
Health Care Workers

Front 11

Sexually transmitted disease

Back 11

Adolescants, young adults, ppl w/ >1 sex partner, ppl in drugs, prostitutes, minority groups

Front 12

Hepatits

Back 12

ppl w/poor hygiene or poor living conditions (overcrowded/unsanitary)
ppl who emigrate from Hep B areas
IV drug users
Ppl w/>1 sex partner
Alaska Natives
Health Care workers

Front 13

Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

Back 13

ppl w/>1 sex partner
IV drug users
Prostitutes
Minority group
Bisexual & Homosexual

Front 14

Challenges/ Public Health Nur.

Back 14

1. Old Disease reoccuring (Measels/TB)
2. Drug- Resistant Bacteria (MRSA)
3. New Disease (SARS)
4. HIV

Front 15

Communicable Disease Investigation (Steps 5)

Back 15

1. ID disease
2. Isolate causative agent
3. Determine mode of transmission
4. Establish @ risk population
5. Estimate impact on population

Front 16

Nurses Role in control of communicable disease

Back 16

1. Protection
2. Infection Control
3. Contact Investigation
4. Epi. triangle

Front 17

5 General Routes of infection:

Back 17

respiratory, integumentary , GI, Serum, and Sexually transmitted

Front 18

Routes of Transmission

Back 18

Respiratory, Integumentary, Gastrointestinal, Serum, STD, Vector

Front 19

Respiratory

Back 19

Chicken Pox, Diptheria, Meningococcal menintigitis, pertussis or whooping cough, Rubella and German measles, Rubeola and measles, Mumps, TB, Influenza, Mononucleosis, Haemophilus Influenza type B, Erythema, Scarlet Fever, Severe- Acute Respiratory Syndrome

Front 20

Integumentary

Back 20

Impetigo, Pediculosis, Scabies, Tetanus

Front 21

Gastrointestinal Route

Back 21

Poliomyelitis, Salmonellosis, Shigellosis, pinworms, Rotavirus, Toxoplasmosis, Hepatitis A

Front 22

Serum Route

Back 22

Hepatitis B, HIV

Front 23

STD Route

Back 23

Herpes, Cytomegalovirues, Genital warts or human papollomavirus, Gonorrhea, Chlamydia, Syphillis

Front 24

Vector Route

Back 24

West Nile Virus, Lyme Disease

Front 25

Levels of Prevention-Primary

Back 25

Health promotion, specific protection

Front 26

Secondary

Back 26

Early Diagnosis, Limit disabilites

Front 27

Tertiary

Back 27

rehabiliation of lingering dysfunction, most communicable disease resolve quickly, except...

Front 28

Issues in Communicable control

Back 28

Outbreaks of childhood vaccine-preventable disease-Measles (hs/college), Mumps (vaccine failure), Pertussis (under-vaccinated pop.), TB, STD's, New disease

Front 29

Active Immunization

Back 29

immunization of an individual by administering an antigen (inf. agent/vacc.) and usually characterized by presence of antibody being made by host

Front 30

Passive Immunization

Back 30

transfer of specific antibody, usually rapid response, doesn't last long, stopgap, ex.= hep A, rabies, and tetanus

Front 31

Herd Immunity

Back 31

Immunity level of specific group, immnuity: resistance, antibodies
vaccination of a portion of the population (or herd) provides protection to unprotected individuals

Front 32

Herd Immunity Threshold

Back 32

the proportion of immune ind'v in a population above which a disease may no longer persist

Who should be included in the 10-20% who do not get vaccinated?

Front 33

Tuberculosis

Back 33

airborne, difficult to control/prevent, 2002 (1/2 foreigners)

Front 34

What can you tell me about TB in US?

Back 34

males more often, elderly most effected, Asian is higher, Native Hawiians <25% high, in 2000-2001= shift from higher in US born to higher in foreign born. Foreigners born= resistance to drug--declining Southern boarder

Front 35

DOT

Back 35

Direct observed therapy--increase in completed treatment!!!

Front 36

MRSA--Metestatic Resistanct Staph. Aur.

Back 36

one of the first to become resistant to antibody
Risk factors= crowding/ frequent skin contact, SSTI, skin injury, sharing personal items, challenge w/hygeine
ca-MRSA, SSTI-in athletes prevent w/ cover wounds, don't share, wash hands, clean laundry, don't part. w/wounds

Front 37

Communicable disease control success

Back 37

Water quality
Food Handling
Immunizations/ vaccines

Front 38

Childhood Vaccines

Back 38

Dtap
Polio
MMR
Hep B
Versella

Front 39

Any Reason to exempt Children

Back 39

immunocompromised, $?, access?, contraindication, exposure, religion?, parents don't believe?, vaccine complications, lack of education/knowledge

Front 40

Herd Immunity Threshold

Back 40

% of population that needs to be immunized to be safe/protected @ least 75%, easy to have outbreak w/increase threshold, who doesn't need to get imm.

Front 41

Gonorrhea

Back 41

becoming resistant to 3rd line treatment, more recently increased, 1941-> 2010 (rates not spiked yet), Age 20-24 M, blacks, DC, increased resistance to Cipro, woman increasing= assympt. 15-24

Front 42

Drug resistant diseases

Back 42

MRSA
Gonorrhea

Front 43

Hepatits

Back 43

1/3 of population infected with A/B/C, IN US this is an over arching issue, MRSA--> untreated/prevention (young athletes, trainers, coaches), drug resistance, vaccinations

Front 44

Vaccinations (5)

Back 44

1. TB vacc. in foreign born
2. childhood vacc. in underserved pop.
3. teen pregnancy in US
4. STD in college student
5. depression in the elderly

Front 45

Domestic Violence

Back 45

PATTERN of assaultive, CONTROLLING, and coercive behaviors (physical, sexual, emotional, physological adults or adol. against intimate partners

Front 46

Victims of DV

Back 46

1/4 to 1/2 of all women presenting for treatment in ER

Front 47

NH STATS

Back 47

33.4% of women and 24% of men have experience a physical assault by an intimate partner (NH violence against women report)

Front 48

Domestic violence adult primary victims

Back 48

F= 7977
M= 375
Total= 8352

3% increase from 2010 (primary and secondary victims and third party referrals

Front 49

Hasting Study

Back 49

investigate the prevalence of an abuse history--defined as maltreatment as a child only, IVP as an adult only or both-in women who are scheduled for elective surgery--improve health care by id'ing strategies for screening, assessment and intervention in the perioperative env.

Front 50

Battering not caused by

Back 50

mental or physical illness, genetics, alcohol, stress, anger, behavio

Front 51

LEARNED BEhavior

Back 51

through observation, experience and reinforcement, in culture, in family, in communities: school, peers, etc.

Front 52

Barriers to women leaving

Back 52

Fear, shame, hope, $, dependence on batterer, children, love, family pressure, religious, rural

Front 53

Since 2004-The joint commission

Back 53

hospitals that want accredidation through the TJC must have guidelines to oversee the care of pat. population, workers must be competent in the ID of victims in the clinical setting

Front 54

Nurses Role

Back 54

note response of IVP hx.
If positive contact crisis control center

Front 55

More about screening

Back 55

routine ppl> 18
straightforward & nonjudgemental
screen in private
explain confidentiality
documentation/ screening
safety planning
appropriate referral (crisis ctr.)

Front 56

Crisis Centers

Back 56

complement effective intervention of HC provider, meet with victim, provide access to advocate, support and recourses, provide materials to assist in setting up a supportive env.

Front 57

Conclusion

Back 57

Failure to screen for IVP repreents a "missed opportunity" to provide services to victims/patients who may be in need