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44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is health?
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a quality, an ability to adapt to change, or a resource to help cope with challenges and processes of daily living
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What is well-being?
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a subjective perception of full functional ability as a human being
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List the 10 components of public health practice that are central to keeping populations healthy and safe.
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–Preventing epidemics
–Protecting the environment, workplaces, and sources of food and water –Promoting health behavior –Monitoring the health status of the population –Mobilizing community resources into service –Responding to disasters –Assuring the public that there are trained personnel to assist them and that there is access to areas for health care –Reaching out to those at high risk –Researching risk, disease acquisition, and ways to prevent injury through interventions –Influencing policy to acquire resources to effect change |
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What are the 2 healthy people initiatives?
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1. Increase the quality and years of health life
2.eliminate any barriers to accessing care, specifically through health disparities |
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Describe the modifiable risk factors under the epidemiologic model and prevention road map to health promotion.
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Suceptibility to disease or injury that can be controlled by individual people, families or communities
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What factors do epidemiologist take into consideration when making conclusions about the direction of further study?
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1. Relative risk of an agent causing a problem
2. consistency 3. exposure 4. timing |
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T or F: Tertiary prevention - maximizing health and wellness thorugh strategies that are set in place at the early and active chronic stages of pathogenesis of illness and injury?
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FALSE
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WHat is primary prevention?
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maximizing health and wellness through strategies that are set in place BEFORE illness or injury is present
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Describe secondary prevention.
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Maximinzing health and wellness through strategies that are set in place at the early and active chronic stages of pathogenesis of illness or injury
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What is tertiary prevention?
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Maximizing health and wellness through strategies that are set in place at the palliation and end-stage of disease and injury trajectories
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T or F: Learning model—a behavior change model that considers
the severity of the potential illness or physical challenge, the level of conceivable susceptibility, the benefits of taking preventive action, and the challenges that may be faced in taking action toward the goal of health promotion? |
False
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WHat is motivational interviewing?
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client-centered
communication style for eliciting behavior change by helping clients and groups explore and resolve ambivalence to change |
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Describe the Behavior change models.
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models that assist clients,
groups, and communities to redirect activities toward health and wellness |
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What is the learning model?
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A behavior change model emphasizing reinforcement of
social competence, problem solving, autonomy, and sense of purpose |
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Define the health belief model.
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• A behavior change model that considers the severity of
the potential illness or physical challenge, the level of conceivable susceptibility, the benefits of taking preventive action, and the challenges that may be faced in taking action toward the goal of health promotion |
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What are the 6 stages of change associated with Prochaska and DiClemente's transtheoretical model?
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•Precontemplation
•Contemplation •Preparation •Action •Maintenance •Relapse |
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What is the precontemplation stage?
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Precontemplation—little thought about problem or solution
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Describe contemplation stage.
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Contemplation: problem & potential methods, costs and benefits are evaluated
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What takes place during the preparation/determination stage?
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focus on specific course of action/timetable to commit energies to change
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How would you describe the action stage of the transtheoretical model?
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steps taken on regular basis, behavior change made
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What stage follows the action stage of the transtheoretical model and describe it.
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Maintenance: “action” stage behaviors become the new normal
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What is the last stage of the transtheoretical model?
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Relapse: return to an earlier stage
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What is motivational interviewing based on?
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reactance: people motivated to maintain autonomy, therefore become resistant when perceiving that autonomy is threatened
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What tactics if used in MI have been found NOT to work?
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Exhorting, threatening dire consequences, criticizing, inspiring
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Who are the founders of MI?
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Miller and Rollnick
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What is the clinicians role in MI?
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to instruct and acknowledge that there may be ambivalence about changing behavior
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What are the "EE" principles of MI?
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Expree Empathy = reflective listening
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Describe what the DD principles of MI are.
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Develop discrepancy between client and current problem behavior by use of reflective listening and object feedback
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What are possible areas of discrepancy involved in MI?
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Behaviors versus goals
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What is the "RR" principle with MI?
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Roll with Resistance rather than confronting or opposing it.
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What is the best way for the HCP to avoid arguing with a pt during MI?
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assuming that the client is responsible for the decision to change
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Describe what the SS principles of MI are.
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Support Self-efficacy and optimism for change
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What does RULE stand for?
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•R---Resist the righting reflex
•U---Understand your patient’s dilemma & motivations •L--- Listen to and •E--- Empower your patients |
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What does OARS stand for in MI>
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O-open-ended questions
A-well-timed affirmation R-reflective listening S-summarize |
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What are the 2 caveats of MI?
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1. MI is more about the spirit than clinging desperately to the techniques
•2. Listen for change talk—statements that signal desire, commitment to change or resistance talk—oppositional, angry, irritable |
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What is change talk>?
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statements that signal desire, commitment to change
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What is resistance talk?
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oppositional, angry or irritable
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What are the characteristics of the brief negotiation interview?
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•Incorporates MI techniques/spirit
•Particularly useful in settings where time with patient is short– ER, 15 min. primary care visit •May use adjunctive strategies to supplement brief MI strategies—telephone, mailing printed material after visit, etc. |
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What must patients be able to do in order to be health literate?
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• evaluate information for credibility and quality
• analyze relative risks and benefits • calculate dosages • interpret test results • locate health information |
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What are the effective teaching-learning strategies for adults?
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• Active involvement
• Information is repeated • Important and related to real-world problems • Relate activities to learner-focused goals • Answers questions before proceeding • Listens to and respects opinions of learners |
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What are the 2 tools used to ensure that the reading material given to pts is appropriate for their literacy level?
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SMOG index and the Flesch-Kincaid reading scale
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What does SMOG in the smog index stand for?
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Simple measure of Gobbledygook
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What are the skills needed to be considered literate?
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• visually literate (able to understand graphs or other
visual information) • computer literate (able to operate a computer) • information literate (able to obtain and apply relevant information) • numerically or computationally literate (able to calculate or reason numerically) • difficulty with pain scale if not numerically sophisticated |
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what is adragogy?
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Assessment of the patient's teaching/learning style
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