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88 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Is the following Q true or false? Health care disparities are social conditions in which people live or work.
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False. Social determinants of health are the social conditions in which people live and work.
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What are social determinants of health?
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Social conditions in which people live and work.
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What are health care disparities?
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Gaps in health care experienced by one population compared with another.
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What is the major focus of health care right now?
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The individual encounter with the patient: we want the patient to be the center.
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Is current health care primarily population-oriented?
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No. In general, currrent heatlh care is individual- and acute-care oriented.
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What is the hallmark change in 20th century public health? (2 goals)
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1. Patient focuses healthcare
2. Population health |
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What are the 4 phases of the cycle that circumscribes these 2 goals?
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1. Privacy and security (top)
2. Interoperability (R) 3. Adoptiom (bottom) 4. Collaborative governance (L) |
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What are the 3 core functions of government in health care?
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1. ASSESSES healthcare problems
2. INTERVENES by developing relevant health care POLICY that provides access to services 3. ENSURES that services are deliveried and that outcomes are achieved |
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Which act involves extended governmental inflences on health care?
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PPACA or ACA: act Obama signed into law
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What is the biggest issue with PPACA aka ACA?
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too much government in business
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True or false. Everything you do has a policy attached to it?
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TRUE
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What is the #1 cause of bankrupcy in the US?
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medical bills that can't be paid
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What is the plan of care determined by?
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aftercare, primary care, etc. is determined by the patient's insurance
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What is the basis of receiving Medicaid?
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Income
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What type of program is Medicaid?
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federal program
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What government level determines eligibility requirements for Medicaid?
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each state has its own requirements
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What is the basis of receiving Medicare?
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1. for people 65 and older
2. for people with disabilities |
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At what level is Medicare administered?
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out of Washington
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What type of program is Medicare?
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managed care
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What is PPACA?
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Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act
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What are 3 goals of PPACA?
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1. Provide affordable health insurance coverage
2. Improve access to primary care 3. Lower costs |
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What are 3 major changes that followed PPACA?
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1. Children up to 26 can be covered by their parents' insurance
2. Medicare no longer pays HAIs 3. Kids with preexisting conditions can no longer be denied |
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What is a major point that sparks controversy from PPACA?
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All citizens & permanent residents are required to have health insurance (if not, they're penalized)
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What are the pros and cons of making all citizes and permanent residents required to have health insurance?
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PROS: Prevention care & a bigger pool of healthy people
CONS: perhaps unconstitutional |
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Q: What is one of the core functions of the role of government in health care?
-Provide affordable health insurance coverage. -Improve access to primary care -Lower costs -Assess health care problems |
Assess health care problems
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What are 3 major changes in health care in the 21st century?
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1. Development of patinet/client-centered care
2. Increased use of technology 3. Increased personal responsibility for health |
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Legally, is most of the responsibilty of health care attributed to the provider or to the patient?
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the provider
we want patients to me more informed and responsible so that they can make decisions based on good information |
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What are the benefits of new technology, such as the SBPM home monitoring device?
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1. allows patients to manage their own health
2. allows providers to know if they're actually making progress |
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If you have the technology, should you always use it?
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No, just because you have the technology doesn't mean you want to use it
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In order to deliver care that is patient/client-centered, what factors must you consider? (5)
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1. Cultural traditions
2. personal preferences (ie own clothes vs hospital gown--allow if not dangerous) 3. Values 4. Families 5. Lifestyles |
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What is an important feature involved in the ability to provide cultural competence?
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knowing where to look things up (ATTITUDE and AWARENESS)
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Rapidly advancing forms of technology are dramatically improving lives, how many new medical devices are approved of each year (on average)?
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32
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What are the 2 components of Health Information Technology (HIT)?
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1. comprehensive management of health information AND
2. its exchange between consumers, providers, government, and insurers in a secure manner |
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Give an example of a home monitoring device?
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Telehealth
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What are some current barriers that use of HIT can help overcome?
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1. patients not remembering their hx (it'll be in the chart)
2. can track patients that are drug-seeking 3. quick notification of drug-interactions 4. accessibility of labs (prevens cost duplication) |
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Which types of diseases particularly serve as a problem with the use of HIT?
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socially stigma-ridden disease
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What are the PATIENT/CLIENT benefits of using HIT? (7)
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1. Improved coordination of care
2. Support for evidence-based care 3. Elimination of paperwork 4. Reduced error 5. Expand access to affordable care 6. Decreased health care costs 7. Improved overall health outcomes in both indivudal people and populations |
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What are the PUBLIC HEALTH benefits of using HIT? (5)
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1. Increased prevention of disease and disability
2. Earlier detection of infectious disease outbreaks 3. Improved tracking of chronic disease management 4. Increased availibity of health care evaluation measures 5. More accurate asessments of the disease and disability burden in the community |
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Is the tracking of chronid disease manatement currently patient-based or population-based?
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population based
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How can HIT help prevent disease and disability?
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it cal help us know when the patient needs a screening
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What are some ways that we can assess the disease and disability burden in the community?
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ex: diabetes report cards every few months
ex: we can sign up for registries |
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Who is the Lady with the Lamp?
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Florence Nightengale
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What is Florence Nightengale known for?
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1. being one of the first healthcare statiscians
2. took care of soldiers in the crimeon war |
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Who were the nurses in the early days of nursing?
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men, nuns, religious community figures; secularly women with no training but willing to help care
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Who was a prominent figure in the early days of nursing?
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Sari Gamp
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What is community-based nursing?
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minor ACUTE and CHRONIC care that is comprehensive and coordinated
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Where does community-based nursing take place?
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where people work, live, or attend school
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Where is illness care provided in community-based nursing?
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OUTSIDE the acute care setting
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Give an example of a community-based nursing location
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urgent care center
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Give an example of patient care in community-based nursing
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a patient can come in every 3 months for DM
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What is community health nursing?
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the use of systematic process to deliver care to individuals, familiesy and communities
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What is the focus on community health nursing?
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promoting, preserving, protecting, and maintaining health
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What does community health nursing primarily look at?
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a population into which an individual fits
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What is public health nursing?
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population based practice, defined as a synthesis of nursing and public health within the context of preventing disease and disability and promoting and protecting the health of the entire community
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Where is public health nursing typically located?
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often work out of county/city health departments
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Who defines the scope and standards of practice for community and public health nursing today?
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ANA
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What type of education does entry into community and public health nursing practice as a generalist require?
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a baccalaureate degree
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Who sets competencies for both nursing genralist and advanced prctice nurses in public health?
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Quad Council of Public Health Nursing Organizations
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As an RN, what do you do to become certified for specialty practice in community and public health nursing?
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take an ANA exam to be certified
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What sets the framework for current nursing practice in the community?
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the roots of public health nursing
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Who is Shattuck and what did he/she(?) do?
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in the 19th century, wrote the Shattuck report: describes conditions in industrial settings in MA
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What was the significance of the Shattuck department?
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enhanced the development of the health department
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What are 4 individuals who were signifcant in developing public health initiative in EARLY AMERICA?
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1. Lemuel Shattuck
2. Dorothea Dix 3. Clara Barton 4. Lillian Wald |
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Which population did Dorathea Dix work with?
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mentally ill
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Whare are 2 titles for Lilian Wald?
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Mother of:
1. public health nursing 2. social justice (check) |
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What contributions did Lilian Wald make?
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1. Fresh Air Fund
2. Involved with parks 3. Founded the House on Henry St.: moved in with other nursed to live with people in abject poverty 4. Helped get money/policies adopted on behalf of the poor and child labor laws |
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Who was a prominent figures in public health in the FIRST HALF OF THE 20TH CENTURY?
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1. Mary Breckinridge
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What was Mary Breckinridge known for?
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1. founding the frontier nursing services
2. Federal Health Care Initiatives |
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What is a phenomenological community?
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one in which everyone experiences the same thing
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What is evidence-based nursing?
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Integration of the best evidence available with clinical expertise, and the values of the client to increase the quality of care
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What is evidence-based public health?
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a public health endeavor where there is judicious use of evidence derived from a variety of science and social science research
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What is epidemiology?
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The study of the distribution and determinants of states of health and illness in human populations
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What is epidemiology used as?
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1. a research methology to study states of health and illness
2. a body of knowledge that results from the study of a specific state of health or illness |
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What is epidemiology's role in public health?
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the detective work of public health---finds out "why" things happen
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What are 6 principles of public health?
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1. focus on the aggregate
2. promote prevention 3. encourage community organization 4. ethical theory of greater good 5. leadership in health 6. use of epedimiologic knowledge and methods |
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What is an aggregate?
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a sub-population
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How is the prevention aspect of public health applicable to health care?
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treatment has been primary in focus, now we're trying to move more toward prevention
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What is a way in promoting leadership in health?
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need to make resources known in the community
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What type of ethics does public health abide by?
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utilitarian ethics: always try to do what benefits the greatest number of people. This can't always be done because money is finite
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True or false. Aggregate is what soeciety does collectively to ensure the conditions exist in which people can be healthy.
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FALSE
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What are the 8 domains of public health nursing practice?
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1. Analytic assessment skills
2. Policy development and program planning skills 3. communication skills 4. cultural competency skills 5. community dimensions of practice 6. basic public health science skills 7. financial planning and management skills 8. leadership and systems thinking skills |
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In order to change policy, what do you need?
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political will
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How does public health nursing practice exercise the domain of community dimensions of practice?
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know the reference agencies in the community
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Why do we need to be aware of financial planning and management skills (a domain of public health nursing)?
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we all end up paying for healthcare
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Why is systems thinking skills important?
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the system effects the individual and his/her family
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What are 6 major challenges for community and public health nursing in the 21st century?
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1. helping eliminate health disparities in underserve populations (**one of the biggest challenges**)
2. demonstrating cultural competence 3. planning for community change 4. contributing to a safe and healthy environment 5. responding to emergencies, disasters, and terrorism 6. responding to the global environment |
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What are the Healthy People 2020 Goals (4)?
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1. Eliminate preventable disease, disability, injury, and premature death
2. Achieve health equitiy, eliminate disparities, and improve the health of all groups 3. Create social and physical environments that promote good health for all 4. Promote healthy development and healthy behaviors across every stage of life |
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How requently do Healthy People Goals get revised?
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every decade
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