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49 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

Rightsabilities

phrase coined by Professor Vernon Jenson to highlight the tension between our right to free speech and our responsibility for our speech

Ethical Communication

conscious decision to speak & listen in ways that you consider right, fair, honest & helpful to all parties involved

resistance

response to diversity in which you refuse to change, and you defend your own positions or attack others

assimilation

response to diversity in which you embrace new perspectives and lifestyles and reject or surrender some or most of your previous beliefs and actions

accommodation

response to diversity in which you listen and evaluate views of others; both sides accept the views of others; both sides adapt, modify and bargain to reach an agreement

Multivocal Society

society that actively seeks expression of a variety of voices or viewpoints

Civility

Social virtue grounded in courtesy that chooses to understand and work with others

Heckling

disrupting a speech by interrupting or shouting down a speaker

Expository Speech

the "speech to teach" that explains an idea in detail

Discourse Consistency

using a repetitive style such as alliteration of main points throughout the speech

redundancy

repeating the same idea more than once, but developing it differently each time

Homogeneous Audiences

listeners who are similiar in attitude

spinning

selecting material that favors the speakers interests and point of view

pandering

providing messages to audiences want to hear, not necessicarly what they need to hear

salient

relevant or significant

scaled questions

asking for responses along a continuum, used to assess attitudes

denotative meaning

what a word names or identifies

jargon

specalized technical vocabulary that serves the interests and activities of a particular group

epithet

word or phrase with a powerful negative connotation, used to describe some quality of a person or group

euphemism

word/phrase that subsitutes an inoffensive term with an offensive term

code switching

changing from one dialect to another

antimetabole

saying words in one phrase, and reversing them in the next phrase

archetypal symbol

recurring metaphor and simile that arises from shared human and natural experiences

hedges

words such as "i think" or "kinda" that can lead listners to distrust you

Premise

claim that provides reasons to support a conclusion

enthymemes

argument in which a permise or conclusion is unstated

qualifer

word/phrase that clarifies, modifies, or limits the meaning of another word or phrase

Logos

logical appeals

Ethos

credibility appeals by how the speaker is trusted

pathos

emotional appeals by the stimulation of feelings of audience

mythos

appeals to cultural beliefs

syllogism

form of deductive reasoning consisting of a major premise, minor premise, and conlusion

fallacy

error in making an argument

False delimma fallacy

argument in which speaker reduces available choices to only two even though other alternatives exist

begging the question

argument in which a speaker uses a premise to imply the truth of the conclusion or asserts that the validity of the conclusion is self-evident

slippery-slope fallacy

argument in which a speaker asserts that one event will necessarily lead to another without showing any logical connection between the two events

ad ignorantiam fallacy

argument in which a speaker suggests that b/c a claim hasent been shown to be false, it must be true

red herring

argument that indicates irrelevant evidence to distract an audience from the real issue

comparative evidence fallacy

argument in which a speaker uses stats/numbers in ways that misrepresent the evidence and mislead the audience

ad populum fallacy

argument in which a speaker appeals to popular attitudes and emotions w/out offering evidence to support claims

appeal to tradition fallacy

argument in which a speaker asserts that the status quo is better than any new idea or approach

division fallacy

arguemnt in which a speaker assumes that what is true of the whole is also true of the parts that make up the whole

hasty generalization fallacy

argument in whcih a speaker draws a conclusion based on too few inadequate examples

post hoc fallacy

argument in which a speaker concludes a casual relationship exists simply b/c one event follows another in time

weak analogy fallacy

arguemnt in which a speaker compares two things that are dissimlar, making the comparison inaccurate

ad hominem fallacy

claim based on that speakers character rather than the evidence the speaker presents

guilt by association fallacy

something is wrong w/ another speakers claims by association of those claims w/ someone the audience finds objectionable

straw man fallacy

misrepresents another speakers argument so that only a shell of the opponents argument remains

loaded word fallacy

uses emotionally laded words to evaluate claims based on misleading emotional response rather than the evidence presented