Communication Topic One

Front 1

Communication

Back 1

Process in which people create, transform, maintain, and repair social reality.

Front 2

Community Engagement

Back 2

Understanding the role of communication and enhancing our own communication abilities will better prepare us to become active and engaged members of the communities we belong to. No matter what community we belong to, we use communication to interact with one another.

Front 3

Community

Back 3

Collection of individuals who work together to achieve a common goal

Front 4

Message

Back 4

Verbal or nonverbal form of the idea, thought, or feeling that one person (the source) wishes to communicate to another person or group of people (the receivers).

Front 5

7 Communication Contexts

Back 5

Interpersonal, Small Group, Intercultural, Organizational, Public, Mass, Computer-Mediated

Front 6

Interpersonal Communication

Back 6

Communication between 2 people

Front 7

Small Group Communications

Back 7

Communication between 3-15 people who interact with each other and have a common goal.

Front 8

Intercultural Communication

Back 8

An attempt to share meaning between individuals from distinct cultures

Front 9

Organizational Communication

Back 9

Formal and informal communication that affects the functioning of an organization

Front 10

Public Communication

Back 10

Communication with a large group of people; usually with a key speaker

Front 11

Mass Communication

Back 11

Communication from a small group of people to a large audience using specialized communication media

Front 12

Computer-Mediated Communication

Back 12

Human communication and information shared through digital communication networks.

Front 13

Meaning

Back 13

The Shared understanding of the message constructed in the minds of the communicators.

Front 14

Four Models of Communication

Back 14

Action Model, Interaction Model, Transactional Model, Constructivist Model

Front 15

Action Model

Back 15

The earliest model of communication; sender-receiver model viewed communication as a linear action. The model focus is one directional, where one individual sends the message while the other individual receives the message.

Front 16

Interaction Model

Back 16

The model builds on the action model and adds the additional dimension of a response from the other individual in the communication encounter. A receiver of communication cannot return a message until the speaker’s message has been received.

Front 17

Transactional Model

Back 17

The model contends that we don’t wait to receive a message, instead, w1e simultaneously send and receive messages.

Front 18

Constructivist Model

Back 18

The Model shifts to focus on what happens in the minds of the communicators-interpreting meaning. This theory maintains that the receiver creates her own reality in her mind. The sender’s words are symbols that must be interpreted, and the receiver constructs his own meaning based on his field of experience.

Front 19

Language

Back 19

A code consisting of symbols, letters, or words with arbitrary meanings that are governed by rules and used to communicate.

Front 20

Arbitrary

Back 20

Human language is a set of symbols people agree have a certain meaning.
Ex: Everyone in a group is asked to picture a chair; it’s likely that no two people will imagine exactly the same chair.

Front 21

Ambiguous

Back 21

One aspect of language that makes communication difficult is that words change their denotations over time.
Ex: The word “gay” meant happy in the 11th century, now it means otherwise.

Front 22

Abstract

Back 22

Communication is fairly simple if you have to describe only tangible objects. However language must also be used to communicate categories of objects, such as household goods, abstract ideas, such as faith & freedom& feelings.

Front 23

Regulative Rules

Back 23

explain how specific words and combinations of words are regulated.
Regulative rules provide guidelines for how words are grouped together and used.

Front 24

Constitutive Rules

Back 24

explain the denotative meanings of a word.
Essentially, constitutive rules provide guidelines for what counts as what.

Front 25

Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis

Back 25

A theory that our thought processes, which are limited by our language, determine our perception of reality and, therefore, that language shapes social reality.

Front 26

Repeat

Back 26

Occurs when the same message is sent both verbally and nonverbally

Front 27

Emphasize

Back 27

Occurs when nonverbal behaviors strengthen verbal messages

Front 28

Complement

Back 28

Occurs when the nonverbal behaviors add meaning to the verbal message beyond the verbal meaning alone.

Front 29

Contradict

Back 29

Occurs when verbal and nonverbal messages conflict

Front 30

Substitute

Back 30

A method of communication in which nonverbal codes are used instead of verbal codes

Front 31

Regulate

Back 31

A guideline for how specific words or combinations of words should be used

Front 32

Kinesics

Back 32

This function focuses on the study of body movement, such as posture, gesture, and facial features

Front 33

Proxemics

Back 33

This function is the study of how humans use space and distance

Front 34

Chronemics

Back 34

This function focuses on the study of time and is concerned with how people organize and use time in various settings

Front 35

Haptics

Back 35

This function focuses on the study of how we use touch in communication

Front 36

Paralanguage

Back 36

This function includes all of the nonword sounds and nonword characteristic of language, such as pitch, volume, rate, and quality.

Front 37

Nonverbal vs. Verbal Communication Similarities

Back 37

Both nonverbal and verbal communication methods are symbolic, are guided by rules, and reflect culture. Additionally, both nonverbal and verbal communication might be intentional or might be unintentional.

Front 38

Nonverbal Communication

Back 38

Nonverbal communication is perceived to be more believable than verbal communication. This is true when nonverbal and verbal messages are in contradiction with one another.

Front 39

Nonverbal Communication

Back 39

Nonverbal is multi-channeled. All of the different types of nonverbal codes discuss in this unit can be interpreted simultaneously; Nonverbal communication is a complex mixture of nonverbal codes and adds layers of meaning on top of one another.

Front 40

Nonverbal Communication

Back 40

Nonverbal communication is continuous. Whether our nonverbal behaviors are intended to having meaning, others often assign meaning to nonverbal behaviors.

Front 41

Listening

Back 41

Listening is a natural process that occurs automatically. To communicate with others, it’s important that we hear the messages others send us, but hearing is only a small part of listening.

Front 42

5 Steps of Listening

Back 42

Hearing, Attending, Understanding, Responding, Remembering

Front 43

Hearing

Back 43

The physiological process of receiving a stimulus. Our ears detect sound waves and send a nerve impulse, to our brain. Not all sounds can be heard by animals.

Front 44

Attending

Back 44

Be engaged in the moment

Front 45

Understanding

Back 45

Selecting, organizing, and interpreting the meaning of the message

Front 46

Responding

Back 46

This occurs when there is nonverbal and verbal reaction to a message

Front 47

Remembering

Back 47

Retaining and recalling information

Front 48

External Obstacles

Back 48

Noise in the environment, such as a loud air conditioning unit or an overly complex message that is hard to follow

Front 49

Internal Obstacles

Back 49

Preoccupation by the listener, such as thinking about an exam in the next class period or prejudgment about a message.

Front 50

Topic One

Back 50

Foundations of Communication