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54 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Two views of the Self
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"Personality"- something we HAVE
"constructed"- something we DO |
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communication-Related Traits
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Cognitive complexity, Loquaciousness, communication apprehension (fear of communicating), Shyness, affinity seeking (extent to which people seek people similar to them), machiavellianism (likelihood to manipulate, self monitoring (analyze and adjust our own actions)
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Synergy
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the whole is more than the sum of the parts (working together)
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Stages of Relationship Development:
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initiation
exploration (common interest, common ground) intensification (may develop joint rules, become a unit, rituals) formalization (public acknowledgment of the relationship) redefinition |
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Miller and Stienberg's Theory
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in relationships individuals make predictions about each other based on three types of information: cultural, sociological, and psychological.
non-interpersonal |
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Self-Disclosure
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talking about yourself
Altman & Taylor: Social penetration. Breadth/depth high or low disclosure positive or negative |
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Uncertainty Reduction
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Charles Berger- when you meet someone for the first time you experience a lot of uncertainty and you communicate to reduce that
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Scientific Management Theory
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organization as a machine
employee is motivated by material rewards use of formal authority to achieve maximum productivity communication to pass information DOWNWARD to clarify tasks and rewards |
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Tenets of the Human Relations
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Organization as a family
addressing worker needs, building trusts and encouragement participation in organizational decision making (two-way) |
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Hawthorne Studies
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attempts to scientifically control the work environment
ANY change has positive effects on production ANY change is a sign of ATTENTION |
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Systems School
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organizations as complex system
originates in Systems Theory INTERDEPENDENCE of components ADAPTATION to the envi. |
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Tenets of the System School
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different parts of the organization depend on one another and their environment
communication facilitates interaction, coordination and adaptability information flow |
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Quality Approach
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combines the best of scientific management, human relations and systems
control of quality continuous improvement of work processes (scientific) involvement and collaboration (human relations) responsive to demands and opportunities (systems) |
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Tenets of Quality Approach
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organization as a Team
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Changes in Organizational Forms
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more complex and highly interactive work
faster pace greater collaboration and teamwork blurred boundaries participative management style reduced hierarchical structure |
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Two Channels of communication in an Organization
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Formal- formal channels, generally in written form, helps maintain the authority relationship in an organization, might be time consuming
Informal- built around the social relationships of members of an organization, oral form, might generate conflict |
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Communication Networks
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Internal networks- how organization communicates within the organization
External- how organization communicates with customers, public, advertising... |
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Organizational Culture
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"the sum of symbols, events, traditions, standardized verbal and nonverbal behavior patterns, folk tales, rules and rituals that give the organization its character or personality"
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Functions of Organizational Cultures
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Reflects the values of an organization
Gives members an organizational identity and sense of belonging serves as a sense making tool that guides and shapes the behaviors of employees |
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Characteristics of Groups
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Contrived (task usually)
Emergent (social usually) Formal/Informal |
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How are Group Tasks distributed?
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Duplicated activity
Assembly Line Judgmental/ problem solving social club |
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Communication among group members
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Circle- one to another, comes back to beginning.
Wheel- when everyone gets the same message from the same person. Chain- one to the next All channel (everyone talks to everyone |
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Stages of Task-Oriented Groups
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Orientation
Conflict Emergence Reinforcement |
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Personality
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A view that sees the self as something we HAVE or as FIXED
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The hidden quadrant
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Lisa is trying to hide a wart from her bf. from her perspective this info would fit into the quadrant of the Johari window
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Reciprocity
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each time your friend tells you about classes she has taken you tell her about the classes you have taken, this is an example
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Proxemics
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effects of personal space on interpersonal interaction
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Invisible aspects of the communication iceberg
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subjectivity, meaning, learning,self reference
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Uncertainty Reduction
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This is why we move towards greater levels of self disclosure in our relationships
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These studies showed that workers tend to respond positively to attention from others
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Hawthorne Studies
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Three Ways of Testing Theories
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Reliability, Utility, Validity
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We adjust our behavior according to what we think others wants us to do
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self monitoring
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at this stage of relationship development, people consider possibilities of a relationship, if it would develop and how
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exploration
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A relationship in which both individuals solve problems
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task related
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this understanding of self assumes that we learn who we are by the reactions of those around us
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Looking Glass Self
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The phenomenon that enables us to take a turn when the other person is done talking
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Projectability- Grammar (syntax) Prosody (intonation) pragmatics (context)
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A device can be thought of as a communication medium if it does this:
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expands any of our communication modalities
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mailing a letter to a friend and two weeks later receiving one back from the friend illustrates this feature of mediated communication
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Asynchronous
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According to this theory, the organization is a machine the worker is motivated by financial reward and the job of the manager is to produce
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Scientific management theory (Taylorism)
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this feature characterizes media such as film or video where the viewer has little control over the content
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low-interactivity
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positive and negative views of information and communication technology and technology in general
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utopian and dystopian view
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"Team" is the imagine that best describes this school of thought
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quality school of management
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supportive superiors, high quality downward communication, open relationships between superiors and subordinates, high degree of influence in upward communication, reliable info:
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positive organizational climate
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of expressions given and given off this one is more likely to be verbal and controlled
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given
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our ---- capability allows us to look upon and analyze ourselves and actions
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self-reflexive
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these theories are stable private and based and everyday experiences
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personal "native" theories
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his model incorporated the idea of field of experience
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Schramm
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individuals with varying emotions, perspectives and needs who come together to negotiate a framework for communication that permits collective action
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Group
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this concept refers to the notion that all elements of a system affect and are affected by one another
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interdependence
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self fulfilling prophecy
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how others perceive us affects how we feel
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Johari Window
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Open- known to all
Blind-known to others not you Hidden-known to you not others Unknown- known to no one |
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metacommunication
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talking about talk
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paralanguage
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nonverbal vocal elements that you can make assumptions by
ex. Steve listens to Lisa and decides she is from Italy |
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Chronemics
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study of time
timing-micro and macro-conversational timeliness-impression given off by being late or on time |
