Communication And Gender Midterm

Front 1

Current theory contends that few attributes of human behavior or communication are _____.

Back 1

innate

Hint 1

not learned

Front 2

The social construction of masculinity and femininity within a culture is called _____. It is unique to human beings.
****on review sheet****

Back 2

gender

Front 3

Biological differences in genetic composition & reproductive anatomy and function are ___ _____.
****on review sheet****

Back 3

sex differences

Front 4

Communication behaviors, learned through the socialization process, that are socially constructed as appropriate for men are called_____; for women,_____.

Back 4

masculine, feminine

Front 5

____ ____- includes pyschosexual development, learning social roles, and shaping sexual preferences
****on review sheet****

Back 5

gender identity

Front 6

____ ____- the collection of related beliefs about women and men in society. These beliefs about gender influence individuals' behavior.
****on review sheet****

Back 6

gender ideology

Front 7

_____ __ _____- "serves inequality and power differentials through its proscriptions and prescriptions, limiting our visions and restricting our possibilities."(Lott, 200)
****on review sheet****

Back 7

Ideology of Difference

Front 8

______- exist when a large portion of a society agrees that certain traits or behaviors are commonly associated with a given group of people
****on review sheet****

Back 8

stereotypes

Front 9

According to the ______ Approach to___ Differences, there three different types of gender differences.

Back 9

The Dichotomous Approach to Sex Differences

Front 10

The first of these differences is ___-_____ Gender Differences. These differences mainly concern ____ vs. ____-____ differences.

Back 10

Well-Established, Verbal vs. Visual-Spatial differences

Front 11

Of the Well-Established Gender Differences in ADOLESCENTS, studies find that girls have greater ____ abilities than boys, while boys are more likely to ______ objects, ie., better manipulations at 3d space.

Back 11

verbal, manipulate

Hint 11

verbal vs. visual spatial

Front 12

Of the WELL-Established Gender Differences in ADULTS, ____ perform better on certain ____ tasks, such as mathematical reasoning, motor skills, and navigation. However, ____ are better at matching items (perceptual speed), ____ fluency, and precision manual tasks (pegs in holes).

Back 12

males, spacial
females, verbal

Front 13

The second set of differences under the Dichotomous Approach to Psychological Sex Differences are ______ _____. There are not proven.

Back 13

Unfounded Beliefs

Front 14

Unfounded Beliefs included:
1. girls do not have less ___-____ than boys.
2. girls are not more _____ than boys
(adapting vs. accepting)
3. Girls not better at ____ tasks and boys not more _____
4. Boys are not more motivated to _____.

Back 14

self-esteem
suggestible
repetitive, analytical
achieve

Front 15

The third set of gender differences under the Dichotomous Approach to Psychological Sex Differences are ______ Gender Differences.

Back 15

Questionable

Front 16

Questionable Sex Differences include:
1. whether girls are more ___ & ___ than boys
(conform vs. resist)
2. whether boys are more ___ than girls
(energy, ambition)
3. Whether girls are more ___ & ____ than boys
(caring, amiable)

Back 16

compliant, passive
active
sociable, nurturing

Front 17

According to the ____ ____ Approach, the two sexes are essentially similar. Differences are linked to ____ functions; not deeply rooted or immutable. Kept in place by the way each sex is positioned in social structure

Back 17

Social Construction Approach
sexual functions

Front 18

_____ is a psychological blending of gender traits in which an individual has a high association with both masculine and feminine characteristics.

Back 18

androgyny

Front 19

_____ is a term coined in the 20th century to describe a person whose sex chromosomes, genitalia, and/or secondary sex characteristics are determined to be neither exclusively male nor female.

Back 19

intersexed

Front 20

_______ -when a person is born a particular sex, but they do not conform/identify to traditional gender roles. (no genitalia alterations)

Back 20

transgender

Front 21

_____ people identify as, or desire to live and be accepted as, a member of the sex opposite to that assigned at birth. (often receive operation)

Back 21

Transsexual

Front 22

The language functions for children are, keyword DIRP;
1. ____- directing actions
2. ____- communicating meaning
3. ____- establishing relationships
4. ____- exploring through imagining

Back 22

directive
interpretive
relational
projecting

Front 23

Language studies in children and adolescents have found that boys develop more _____ communication patterns, while girls develop more _____patterns.

Back 23

competitive
cooperative

Front 24

_____ _____ -"knowledge of when to speak or be silent; how to speak on each occasion; how to communicate meanings of respect, seriousness, humor, politeness, or intimacy."

Back 24

communication competence

Front 25

Under comm. competence, the ____/____ approach focuses on lexical traits, phonological traits, and syntactic-pragmatic characteristics. (words and word meanings)

Back 25

Dominance?Deficit Approach

Front 26

Under comm. competence, the ____ approach focuses on verbosity, interruptions, initiation, and argumentativeness
(conversational tendencies)

Back 26

Difference Approach

Front 27

____ - discrimination against individuals or groups on the basis of their gender.

Back 27

sexism

Front 28

___-___ _____ - men have controlled the development of language, have provided themselves with more positive words, give more opportunities to use those words, and have historically held positions of power.

Back 28

Man-Made Language

Front 29

Effects of Man-Made Language are:
1. masculine form of word sets the ____. (actor/actrESS, princESS, etc.)
2. masculine term comes ____. (husband & wife, king & queen, etc.)
3. gender marked _____ titles

Back 29

standard
first
occupational

Front 30

Using man-linked words, such as chairman and spokesman, are examples of __-__ language. Steps to avoiding this are pluralizing sentences, using neutral words, and calling specifics attention to sex.

Back 30

He-Man Language

Front 31

NVC involving personal appearance is ____ _____

Back 31

physical characteristics

Front 32

NVC involving behaviors and actions involved G____s, ___ movements, and _____.

Back 32

gestures, body movement, and orientation

Front 33

NVC is largely ___ expression and __ behavior.

Back 33

facial expression and eye behavior

Front 34

NVC involving touching is called ____

Back 34

proxemics

Front 35

NVC can also include objects outside of physical self, called ____.

Back 35

artifacts

Front 36

There are ___ basic dimensions of human feelings and attitudes conveyed nonverbally: Immediacy, status and power, and responsiveness

Back 36

Three

Front 37

_____ cues indicate the degree of liking or disliking the communication.

Back 37

Immediacy

Front 38

_____ cues indicate the degree of influence and control rather than submissive and dependent attitudes.

Back 38

Status and Power

Front 39

_____ cues indicate the extent of awareness and reaction to other people.

Back 39

Responsiveness

Front 40

DINDIA - "North Dakota....

Although gender (sex) diff. exist, overwhelmed with _____. Cultural explanations alone cannot explain diff., ___ plays a part as well

Back 40

Similarities
Biology