Communication

Front 1

substantial limitation

Back 1

is a restriction of the manner, condition, or duration in which one can perform major life activities compared to nonimpaired people.

Front 2

Major life activities

Back 2

include caring for oneself, performing manual tasks, walking, seeing, hearing, speaking, breathing, learning, and working. Other major life activities include sitting, standing, and lifting and mental and emotional processes such as thinking, concentrating, and interacting with others.

Front 3

Impairment

Back 3

is defined as any mental, physiological, or physical disorder that makes the completion of major life activities using traditional methods difficult. examples of impairments are back or spinal injuries, psychiatric and/or mental disabilities, neurological impairments, extremity impairments, heart impairments, substance abuse, diabetes, hearing impairments, vision impairments, and blood disorders.

Front 4

physical or mobility impairment

Back 4

functional limitation that affects one or more of a person’s limbs. people with mobility impairments may have limited use of one or more of their extremities for walking, grasping, or lifting objects.

Front 5

Blindness

Back 5

is a functional loss of vision. is definition applies both to people who cannot see at all (are unable to distinguish light from dark) and people who have some vision in one or both eyes; 80 to 90 percent of people who are blind or visually impaired have some vision.

Front 6

hearing impairment

Back 6

is any degree of hearing loss. e two classifications of hearing loss are hard of hearing and deafness.

Front 7

hard of hearing

Back 7

may suffer a hearing loss but not to the extent that he or she must rely primarily on visual communication (such as written notes or sign language). hearing aids may not improve the person’s ability to understand words but may at least increase his or her ability to hear sound.

Front 8

speech impairment

Back 8

physiological condition that causes someone to have difficulty in producing sound or understanding language.

Front 9

Developmental Disability

Back 9

is an incurable intellectual or behavioral impairment that shows itself before the age of 22 and is likely to continue indefinitely.116ntal Disability

Front 10

intellectual disability

Back 10

the result is a lifelong condition characterized by slow intellectual development. a psychological evaluation is required to diagnose an intellectual disability early in childhood.

Front 11

Autism spectrum disorders (ASD)

Back 11

group of conditions that are diagnosed in early childhood that continue throughout adulthood, and that are more prevalent among males than females.

Front 12

musculoskeletal injuries

Back 12

- limited range of motion

- amputation

Front 13

neurological injuries

Back 13

- traumatic brain injury (tBI)

- loss of vision and/or hearing

- chronic headaches

- peripheral nerve injuries

Front 14

psychological disorders

Back 14

- stress-induced conditions such as ulcers

- lack of impulse control

- hyper-vigilance

- post-traumatic stress disorder (ptSD)

- suicidal thoughts or attempts to commit suicide - homicidal thoughts

Front 15

Hypervigilance

Back 15

is an enhanced state of awareness or “being on guard” that impedes one’s ability to relax and disengage from a stressful situation. people experiencing hypervigilance are always on alert, constantly scanning their environment for anticipated danger or threats.

Front 16

Dementia

Back 16

is an organic, progressive mental disorder characterized by a loss of memory, an impairment of judgment and abstract thinking, and changes in personality. e frequently used term “senile” has a negative connotation, and you should avoid using it.

Front 17

mental illness

Back 17

is an impairment of the mental or emotional processes that exercise the conscious control of one’s actions. Mental illness impairs one’s ability to perceive or understand reality. Mental illness is not directly related to intelligence and occurs in people of all intellectual abilities.

Front 18

hallucinationis

Back 18

is a sensory experience in which a person can see, hear, smell, taste, or feel something that is not there.

Front 19

delusion

Back 19

false belief that is firmly held in spite of obvious proof or evidence to the contrary; the delusion is this person’s reality. For example a delusional individual could believe that he or she is someone famous or is being followed by the CIa.

Front 20

panic disorder

Back 20

a person who has a panic disorder can experience an extreme panic attack with a racing heartbeat, sweating, tension, and a feeling that something terrible is about to happen. is panic attack could be accompanied by chest pain or discomfort, sweating, trembling, choking, or a feeling that one is going to die.

Front 21

phobias

Back 21

an intense fear of a specific object or situation, such as a fear of heights, spiders, or leaving home.

Front 22

personality disorder

Back 22

is a deeply ingrained, non-psychotic, inflexible pattern of relating, perceiving, and behaving. It is serious enough to cause distress to the people around the individual with a personality disorder. Depending on the specific disorder, an individual may display anxious, fearful, dramatic, emotional, or erratic behavior and impaired functioning (such as difficulties with jobs or socializing).

Front 23

antisocial personality disorder

Back 23

has a lifelong pattern of behavior that violates rules, social norms, and the rights of others. these individuals also seem to lack the capacity for empathy, guilt, and remorse. they will lie and exploit for personal gain and pleasure, have no regard for right or wrong, and are unnecessary risk takers. people with an antisocial personality disorder are often child abusers, pedophiles, rapists, or gang members, and are homicidal. there is limited effective medical or psychological treatment for this personality disorder.

Front 24

narcissistic personality disorder

Back 24

r is an individual with an inflated sense of importance, a need for admiration, or a desire to be feared or notorious. Characteristics are dramatic emotional behaviors, difficulties with relationships, a lack of empathy for others, and being aggressive when challenged. ere are no medications to treat narcissistic personality disorder, only psychotherapy.

Front 25

borderline personality disorder

Back 25

significantly emotionally unstable, and are usually aware of their behavior, but lack the ability to control it. These people often experience rapid and intense mood swings that typically involve angry, erratic, self-destructive, and impulsive behavior toward themselves and others.

Front 26

Substance use

Back 26

having a casual drink with friends, taking a prescribed drug according to label directions, or taking aspirin daily to prevent heart disease. It can be legal or illegal, therapeutic or recreational and can lead to substance abuse.

Front 27

Substance abuse

Back 27

is the continued misuse of substances that negatively affect the mind and body. Substance abuse adversely affects an individual’s social or occupational life and psychological or physical health. Some examples of substance abuse include misusing prescribed medication, binge drinking, sniffing or inhaling glue, using cocaine, or smoking marijuana.

Front 28

Psychological dependence

Back 28

occurs when a person feels that he or she needs drugs to cope with problems, function better in life, or feel happier. psychological dependence can lead to a physical addiction.

Front 29

Drug tolerance

Back 29

occurs when a person needs to increase the dosage of the drug to produce the same effect as the initial dosage. Drug tolerance often leads to substance dependenc

Front 30

Emotional Blockage Stage

Back 30

In this stage, the person is unable to solve the crisis and is overwhelmed by emotions. e individual cannot cope with the situation rationally. e inability to cope combined with the loss of problem-solving skills leads to diminished self-esteem.

Front 31

Accommodation Stage

Back 31

During the accommodation stage, the person in crisis is open to suggestions and is willing to try new options. he or she may begin to explain what the situation personally means and may begin to find answers.

Front 32

voluntary examination

Back 32

is the decision by an individual to willingly seek a psychiatric evaluation for symptoms that may be due to mental illness. If an individual is willing to seek treatment, the officer should ask the individual to submit to a voluntary examination.

Front 33

Marchman Act

Back 33

provides substance abusers access to emergency services and temporary detention on either a voluntarily or involuntarily basis.

Front 34

mild intellectual disability

Back 34

might not understand long- range consequences or be able to make appropriate choices, but they do sometimes realize when they have done something wrong.

Front 35

moderate intellectual disability

Back 35

They may develop coping skills to cover up their disability in an attempt to appear “normal”. They may recognize their own needs and wants, but not readily identify the needs and wants of others, and have few relationships outside of family members and caregivers.

Front 36

severe intellectual disability

Back 36

have very slow motor development and communication skills and frequently are under close and constant supervision or are living in a group home setting. ey are usually encouraged to contribute to their own self-maintenance; however, they may not be fully capable of living independently.

Front 37

profound intellectual disability

Back 37

require constant care and supervision and may or may not have developed basic speech. Generally, officers will not come into direct contact with these individuals but will deal directly with the caregiver.