Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
99 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
tetanus
|
a life-threatening disease caused by a bacterium that produces a powerful toxin which attacks the CNS
|
|
|
tetanus incubation
|
3 days-3 weeks
|
|
|
symptoms of tetanus
|
muscle rigidity esp. in the jaw
|
|
|
treatment of tetanus
|
hypertet and valium
|
|
|
2 types of Diptheria
|
Nasal and pharyngeal/tonsillar
|
|
|
Nasal diptheria
|
most common in infants
white membrane of nasal passages with white discharge-can erode skin |
|
|
Pharyngeal diptheria
|
more severe
white or grey membrane over throat lymphadenopathy, neck edema |
|
|
Lymphadenopathy
|
enlarged lymph glands-causes obstruction
|
|
|
malaise
low grade fever sore throat |
pharyngeal diptheria prodromal period
|
|
|
therapeutic management of diptheria
|
antitoxin
antibiotics: treat on day one <1% mortality, treat day 4 20% mortality |
|
|
complications of dyptheria
|
airway obstruction
myocarditis- inflammation of heart muscle paralysis of soft palate, limb and eyes |
|
|
Poliomyelitis
|
an acute viral disease that causes inflammation of the gray matter of the spinal cord
|
|
|
sever cold and GI symptoms
muscle weakness/paralysis |
symptoms of polio
|
|
|
complications of polio
|
death from paralysis of respiratory muscles
Postpolio sequelae |
|
|
postpolio sequelae
|
recovers from polio but suffers a new set of symptoms 10-40 years later
|
|
|
Pertussis
|
whooping cough
bacterium |
|
|
incubation period of pertussis
|
10-14 days
|
|
|
transmission of pertussis
|
direct contact, nasal secretions, droplets
|
|
|
communicable period of pertussis
|
4-6 weeks
|
|
|
3 stages of pertussis manifestations
|
catarrhal, paroxysmal, convalescent
|
|
|
Catarrhal
|
URI symptoms with mild cough, low grade fever
|
|
|
stage with episodes of sever repetitive coughing
followed by a single sudden massive inspiration often lasts 4-6 weeks |
paroxysmal
|
|
|
decrease in severity and frequency of coughing fits
|
convalescent
|
|
|
treatment of pertussis
|
erythromycin
albuterol corticosteriods |
|
|
complications of pertussis (11)
|
pneumonia, otitis media, encephalopathy, blindness, deafness, paraplegia, epistaxis, hernia, retinal prolapse, subdural hematoma
|
|
|
epistaxis
encephalopathy |
nose bleed
inflammation of the brain |
|
|
Scarlet fever
|
Group A betahemolytic strep
|
|
|
incubation period of scarlet fever
|
2-4 days
|
|
|
transmission of scarlet fever
|
direct contact, droplets, indirect (milk, food)
|
|
|
communicable period of scarlet fever
|
10 days during incubation and during illness
|
|
|
Abrupt high fever, rapid pulse, N/V, abdominal pain, HA, chills, Malaise
|
prodromal period of scarlet fever
|
|
|
beefy red pharynx, big red tonsils with exudate, sore throat, "White strawberry tongue"
|
mouth presentations of scarlet fever
|
|
|
complications of scarlet fever
|
Rheumatic fever- if antibiotics stopped too early
Acute Glomerular Nephrytis Sinustitis otitis media |
|
|
Acute Glomerular Nephrytis
|
swelling or inflammation of the internal kidney structures
|
|
|
theraputic management of scarlet fever
|
antibiotics-PCN and erythromycin
tylenol and ibroprofen for fever |
|
|
Rubeola
|
Measles
viral |
|
|
incubation period of rubeola
|
10-20 days
|
|
|
transmission of rubeola
|
direct contact
blood, urine, respiratory secretions |
|
|
communicable period of rubeola
|
4 days before until 5 days after rash
|
|
|
Fever of 104/105
Malaise coryza cough conjeunctivitis Koplik spots |
Prodoromal period of rubeola
(3-5 days) |
|
|
coryza
|
inflammation of nasal passages
|
|
|
Koplik spots
|
white spots circumscribed in red
buccal mucosa and roof of mouth |
|
|
red-brownish maculopapular rash begins on face
lymphadenopathy photophobia |
Acute period of rubeola
|
|
|
photophobia
|
increased sensitivity to light
|
|
|
therapuetic management of rubeola
|
antipyretics- drugs that reduce fever
antibiotics to prevent/treat seconday infections Vit A supplementation for photophobia |
|
|
Complications of rubeola
|
encephalitis
seizures, convulsions cerebral edema neurological deficits PNEUMONIA- primary cause of death |
|
|
rubella
|
german measles
viral contraction in 1st trimester can cause defects to embryo |
|
|
contraction of ____ in 1st trimester can cause defects to embryo
|
rubella
|
|
|
transmission of rubella
|
nasopharyngeal
|
|
|
communicable period of rubella
|
7 days before
5 days after rash |
|
|
absent/ asymptomatic in children
low grade fever cough/ coryza conjunctivitis lymphadenopathy |
Prodromal period of rubella
|
|
|
conjunctivitis
|
swelling (inflammation) or infection of the membrane lining the eyelids (conjunctiva).
|
|
|
red discret maculopapular rash
|
Acute period of rubella
|
|
|
management of rubella
|
tylenol for itching
|
|
|
mumps
|
inflammation of the parotid salivary glands
|
|
|
transmission of mumps
|
direct, through saliva of infected person
|
|
|
incubation of mumps
|
2-3 weeks
|
|
|
communicable period of mumps
|
1 week before, until swelling disappears
|
|
|
low grade fever
earache malaise anorexia abdominal pain |
mumps prodromal period
|
|
|
inflammation of glands
swelling orchitis meningitis pancreatitis |
acute period of mumps
|
|
|
orchitis
|
inflammation of testes
|
|
|
meningitis
|
bacterial infection of the membranes covering the brain and spinal cord
|
|
|
complications of mumps
|
sterility
deafness: damage to auditory nerve arthritis myocarditis hepatitis encephalitis |
|
|
Varicella
|
chicken pox
|
|
|
low grade fever
malaise anorexia HA |
prodromal period of varicella
|
|
|
very pruritic rash:
-Macule, then papule, then vesicular, then crusts on trunk and oral mucosa fever (102) |
Acute stage of varicella
|
|
|
If contracted while pregnant, can be deadly for mother
|
varicella
|
|
|
therapeutic management of varicella
|
tylenol for fever, NOT aspirin
benedryl aveeno/oatmeal baths |
|
|
never have with flu like symptoms
|
aspirin
|
|
|
Mononucleosis
|
epstein barr virus
|
|
|
incubation of mononucleosis
|
10 days-6 weeks
|
|
|
malaise/fatigue
sore throat fever lympadenopathy splenomegaly abdominal pain |
manifestations of mono
|
|
|
splenomagaly
|
enlarged spleen
|
|
|
Diagnosis of mono
|
monospot
increased lymphocytes and monocytes heterophil antibody test |
|
|
management of mono
|
tylenol/ibroprofen
limited activity with splenomegaly throat lozengers |
|
|
Diet and CD
|
high calorie
soft diet fluids |
|
|
CD and respiratory
|
suction equipment
oxygen c/ humidity |
|
|
have readily available for CD
|
epinephrine
emergency trach equipment |
|
|
Possible irritants of CD
|
smoke, dust, change in temp, excitement
|
|
|
what to observe for with CD
|
airway obstruction and pneumonia
|
|
|
considerations for CD
|
rest
skin care compliance with antibiotics sore throat comfort isolation precautions |
|
|
HPV
|
IM
Human PapilomaVirus 1st dose at 11 2nd dose 2 mo later 3rd dose 6 mo after 1st dose |
|
|
Hib
|
IM
Haemohilus influenza type b 2 & 4 mo |
|
|
hepB
|
IM
at birth within 12 hours, then 1/2 mo, no ealrier than 24 weeks |
|
|
Dtap
|
IM
Diptheria, tetanus, and acellular pertussis 2,4,6 mo, atleast 6 mo later, and age 4-6years |
|
|
Tdap
|
IM
booster for Dtap age 7, then q 5 years |
|
|
Pentacel
|
IM
Dtap, IPV, Hib administered at 2, 4, 6 and 15-18 months of age |
|
|
Kindrex
|
IM
5th dose of Dtap and 4th dose of IPV 4-6 yo |
|
|
MMR
|
IM
Measles, Mumps, rubella at 12 months, then 4-6 years old |
|
|
zostavax
|
SQ
verecella over 60 yo |
|
|
progaurd
|
SQ
MMR and Verecella |
|
|
Rotorix
|
Oral
rotovirus can start at 6 weeks second dose no later than 24 weeks 4 weeks in between |
|
|
IPV
|
IM
Inactivated polio virus 2,4,6-18 mo, 4-6 yo |
|
|
Prevnar
|
SQ or IM
Pnuemmococcal 2,4,6,12-15 mo |
|
|
MCV
|
IM
Meningeococcal 2-10 yo |
|
|
Flumist
|
nasally
influenza 2 doses 1 mo apart if not vaccinated 1 dose if previously vaccinated |
|
|
Synagis
|
IM
Respiratory syncytial virus q mo for 4 mo |
|
|
passive immunity
|
when immunity is passed on
|
|
|
active immunity
|
when you build up your own antibodies
|
