Common Vitamin Deficiencies And Excesses

Front 1

Vitamin B1 (thiamine)

Back 1

In thiamine pyrophasphate

A cofactor for decarboxylation

Front 2

Vitamin B1 (thiamine) deficiency

Back 2

Impaired glucose breakdown--> ATP depletion

Highly aerobic tissues are affected first

Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome + beriberi

Seen in malnutrition + alcoholism

Front 3

Dry beriberi

Back 3

Polyneuritis, symmetrical muscle wasting

Front 4

Wet beriberi

Back 4

High-output cardiac failure (dilated cardiomyopathy)

Edema

Front 5

Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome

Back 5

Confusion

Opthalmoplegia

Ataxia

Confabulation

Personality change

Memory loss (permanent)

Damage to medial dorsal nucleus of thalamus

Damage to mammillary bodies

Front 6

Vitamin B2 (riboflavin)

Back 6

Cofactor in oxidation + reduction

Front 7

Vitamin B2 (riboflavin) deficiency

Back 7

Cheillosis

Corneal vascularization

Front 8

Cheilosis

Back 8

Inflammation of lips + scaling of fissures at mouth

Front 9

Vitamin B3 (niacin)

Back 9

Constituent of NAD+, NADP+

Front 10

Vitamin B3 (niacin) deficiency

Back 10

Glossitis

Pellagra

Front 11

Pellagra

Back 11

Diarrhea, dermatitis, dementia

Front 12

Pellagra caused by

Back 12

Hartnup disease

Malignant carcinoid syndrome

INH

Front 13

Vitamin B5 (pantothenate)

Back 13

Essential component of CoA + fatty acid synthase

Front 14

Vitamin B5 (pantothenate) deficiency

Back 14

Dermatitis, enteritis, alopecia, adrenal insufficiency

Front 15

Biotin

Back 15

Cofactor for carboxylation enzymes

Front 16

Biotin deficiency

Back 16

Dermatitis, alopecia, enteritis

Caused by antibiotics or excessive raw eggs

Front 17

Folate

Back 17

Converted to THF

Coenzyme for 1-carbon transfers (synthesis of DNA/RNA)

Front 18

Folate deficiency

Back 18

Macrocytic, megaloblastic anemia

Seen in alcoholism + pregnancy

Front 19

Vitamin B12 (cobalamin)

Back 19

Cofactor for homocysteine methyltransferase +MM-CoA m

Front 20

Vitamin B12 deficiency

Back 20

Macrocyctic, megalobalstic anemia

Hypersegmented PMNs

Paresthesia, subacute combined degeneration

Irreversible nervous system damage

Front 21

Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine)

Back 21

Converted to pyridoxal phosphate

Cofactor used in transamination (ALT + AST)

Cofactor used in decarboxylation reactions

Cofactor used in glycogen phosphorylase

Synthesis of cystathionine, heme, niacin, GABA

Front 22

Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) deficiency

Back 22

Convulsion, hyperirritability, peripheral neuropathy, SBA

Front 23

Vitamin C (absorbic acid)

Back 23

Antioxidant

Found in fruits and vegetables

Front 24

Vitamin C deficiency

Back 24

Scurvy

Weakened immune response

Front 25

Scurvy

Back 25

Swollen gums

Bruising

Hemarthrosis anemia

Poor wound healing

Front 26

Vitamin C excess

Back 26

Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, fatigue, sleep problems

Can inc risk of iron toxicity in predisposed individuals

Front 27

Vitamin D

Back 27

D2 = ergocalciferol (ingested from plants)

D3 = cholecalciferol (consumed in milk, sun exposure)

25-OH D3 = storage form

1,25-(OH)2 D3 (calcitriol) = active form

Front 28

Vitamin D function

Back 28

Increased intestinal absorption of calcium + phosphage

Increased bone resorption

Front 29

Vitamin D deficiency

Back 29

Rickets in children (bending bones)

Osteomalacia in adults (soft bones)

Hypocalcemic tetany

Breast milk has decreased vitamin D (supp in dark pep)

Front 30

Vitamin D excess

Back 30

Hypercalcemia, hyperclacinuria

Loss of apeptite, stupor

Seen in sarcoidsosis

Front 31

Sarcoidsosis

Back 31

Granulomas in multiple organs

Front 32

Vitamin E

Back 32

Antioxidant (protects erythrocytes + mem from ROS)

Front 33

Vitamin E deficiency

Back 33

Increased fragility of erythrocytes (hemolytic anemia)

Muscle weakness

Posterior column + spinocerebellar tract demyleination

Front 34

Vitamin K

Back 34

Catalyzes gamma-carboxylation of Glu on bd proteins

Synthesized in intestinal flora

Front 35

Vitamin K deficiency

Back 35

Neonatal hemorrhage w/ inc PT and inc aPTT

Normal bleeding time

Neonates have sterile intestine

Can occur after prolonged use of broad spec antibio

Front 36

Vitamin A

Back 36

Antioxidant

Constituent of visual pigments (retinal)

Essential for normal different ion of epi cell into tissue

Used to treat measles and AML, subtype M3

Front 37

Vitamin A deficiency

Back 37

Night blindness, dry skin

Front 38

Vitamin A excess

Back 38

Arthralgias, fatigue, headache, skin changes

Sore throat, alopecia

Teratogenic (cleft palate, cardiac abnormalities)

Pregnancy test before isotretinoin