Common Pathologies - Ankle Joint And Foot - Chapter 20

Front 1

Shin Splints

Back 1

Is a general term given to exercise-induced pain along the medial edge of the tibia, usually a few inches above the ankle to midway up the tibia. Most commonly, inflammation of the periosteum causes the pain.

Front 2

Medial Tibial Stress Syndrome

Back 2

Is a more specific term that include anterior leg pain not associated with a stress fracture. Deformities of the foot and toes often affect other joints of the lower extremity and trunk, especially during walking or running.

Front 3

Plantigrade

Back 3

defined as a normal foot, in that sole is at right angles to the leg when a person is standing.

Front 4

Equinus foot

Back 4

Or horse's foot, means that the handoff is fixed in plantar flexion.

Front 5

Calcaneus foot

Back 5

Is one that is fixed in dorsiflexion

Front 6

Pes Cavus

Back 6

refers to the abnormally high arch.

Front 7

Pes Planus

Back 7

Or flat foot, is the loss of medial longitudinal arch.

Front 8

Hallux Valgus

Back 8

Is caused by pathological changes in which the great toe develops a values deformity (distal end pointed laterally)

Front 9

Hallux Rigidus

Back 9

Is a degenerative condition of the first MTP joint associated with pain and diminished range of motion.

Front 10

Hammer Toe

Back 10

The PIP is flexed and the DIP is extended

Front 11

Maller Toe

Back 11

Is just the opposite; it has an extended PIP joint and a flexed DIP joint

Front 12

Claw Toe

Back 12

Has a flexed PIP joint and a flexed DIP joint

Front 13

Metatarsalgia

Back 13

Is a general term referring to pain around the metatarsal heads. The individual often describes the pan as a bruise, or "like walking on pebbles". The pain usually becomes worse with increased activity.

Front 14

Morton's Neuroma

Back 14

Is caused by abnormal pressure on the plantar digital nerves commonly at the web space between the third and fourth metatarsals. This pressure can result in pain and numbness in the toe area that gets worse with activity, such as running.

Front 15

Turf Toe

Back 15

Is caused by forced hyperextension of the great toe at the MTP joint.

Front 16

Ankle sprains

Back 16

are probably the most common injury among recreational and competitive athletes, and the lateral ligament is the most frequently injured ligament in these groups.

Front 17

Ankle Fracture

Back 17

Often occurs when a person trips over an unexpected obstacle or falls from a height, and it usually involves a twisting component to the ankle. The lateral malleolus is most commonly involved.

Front 18

Bimalleolar Fracture

Back 18

Involves both malleoli

Front 19

Trimalleolar

Back 19

Involves both malleoli and the posterior lip of the tibia.

Front 20

Plantar Fasciitis

Back 20

Is a common overuse injury, resulting in pain in the heel. The plantar fascia helps to maintain the medial longitudinal arch and acts as a shock absorber during weight-bearing. The pain is usually located at the point where the fascia attaches to the calcaneus on the plantar surface.

Front 21

Achilles Tendonitis

Back 21

An inflammation of the gractrocnemius-soleus tendon.

Front 22

Ruptured Achilles Tendon

Back 22

A complete rapture, the individual loses the ability plantar flex the ankle. If the tendon is intact, slight plantar flexion will occur, but no motion will occur if the tendon is ruptured.

Front 23

Triple Arthrodesis

Back 23

Is a surgical procedure that fuses the talocalcaneal, calcaneocuboid, and talonavicubular joint. It provides medial - lateral stability of the foot and relieves pain at the subtler joint, but inversion and eversion at the ankle are lost. Ankle dorsiflexion and plantar flexion remain because the talotibial joint has not been involved.