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188 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Infected eyelash follicle (stye)
|
Staphylococcus aureus
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|
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Conjunctivitis in children, especially associated with swimming, sharing towels
|
adenovirus
|
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Eyelid swelling, bilateral with muscle pain and eosinophilia
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Trichinella spiralis
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Unilateral swelling around one eye
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Trypanosoma cruzi
|
|
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Eye ulcers from extended contact wear
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Pseudomonas aeruginosa
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Acute otitis media
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1) Streptococcus pneumoniae 2) nontypeable Haemophilus 3) Moraxella catarrhalis
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Exudative, erythematous pharyngitis and fever >101°F, cervical lymphadenitis
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Streptococcus pyogenes
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Pharyngitis with fever < 101°F; negative for bacteria
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adenovirus
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Pharyngitis and extreme fatigue in teen or young adult; abnormal WBCs
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EBV
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Common cold
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rhinovirus (summer/fall) and coronavirus (winter/spring)
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Unvaccinated child with pseudomembrane in throat and heart irregularity
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Corynebacterium diphtheriae
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Fever, chills, URT symptoms, severe arthralgias and myalgias between Nov. and March in U.S. and Canada
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influenza virus
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Repetitive cough with inspiratory whoop, often vomiting (whooping cough)
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Bordetella pertussis
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Croup
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parainfluenza viruses 1 and 2
|
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Pneumonia and/or bronchiolitis in young child (3 mo. to 5 y.o.)
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RSV
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Mild pneumonia in 5-18 y.o.
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Mycoplasma pneumoniae; or Chlamydia pneumoniae
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Lobar pneumonia in all age groups
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Streptococcus pneumoniae
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Aspiration pneumonia
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anaerobes including Bacteroides fragilis
|
|
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Pneumonia with dry cough in AIDS patient
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Pneumocystis carinii
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Pneumonia with purulent sputum in AIDS patient
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Streptococcus pneumoniae
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Pneumonia in teen with CF
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Pseudomonas aeruginosa
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Pneumonia in older male, heavy drinker
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likely Legionella pneumophila if environmental source seems likely; might also be Klebsiella pneumoniae (currant jelly sputum)
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Pneumonia associated with bird excretions
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Chlamydia psittaci
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Pneumonia after contact with dust containing bird or bat feces, Ohio/Mississippi River Valleys
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Histoplasma capsulatum
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Pneumonia associated with dust in desert areas of CA/Southwest U.S.
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Coccidioides immitis
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Viral meningitis
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enteroviruses, some arboviruses, mumps, polio
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Meningitis in neonates, esp. after prolonged rupture of membranes
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1stStreptococcus agalactiae/ 2nd E. coli/3rd Listeria monocytogenes
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Meningitis in babies 6 mo. to 2 y.o., unvaccinated
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Haemophilus influenzae
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Meningitis in young adult, unresponsive and with cutaneous rash
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Neisseria meningiditis
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Purulent meningitis in all age groups except neonates
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Streptococcus pneumoniae
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Meningitis in AIDS patient
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Cryptococcus neoformans
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Meningitis in transplant patients
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Listeria monocytogenes
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Meningitis in severe neutropenia
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Aspergillus, a mold with acute branched hyphae
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Encephalitis in young adults, fatal if not treated promptly
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HSV-1
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Mosquito-borne encephalitis
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Eastern or Western Equine Encephalitis viruses, St. Louis, CA and La Crosse viruses
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|
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virus found in sensory ganglia with unilateral reactivation in 1-3 dermatomes
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VZV
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Virus that causes trigeminal nerve ganglia
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HSV-1
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Virus latent in nerves S-2, S-3
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HSV-2
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Produces neurotoxin that causes rigid paralysis
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Clostridium tetani
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Produces neurotoxin that causes flaccid paralysis
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Clostridium botulinum
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|
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Produces neurotoxin that causes dysentery and severe headache
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Shiga toxin of S. dysenteraie type I
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|
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Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML)
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JC virus
|
|
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Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE)
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defective measles virus
|
|
|
Prion diseases
|
Creutzfeld-Jakob disease and kuru
|
|
|
Food-poisoning; Vomiting and nausea with no fever 1-6 hours after ingestion of Cream pastries, ham, potato salad
|
enterotoxin of Staphylococcus aureus
|
|
|
Food-poisoning; Vomiting and nausea with no fever 1-6 hours after ingestion of Fried rice
|
heat stable exotoxin of Bacillus cereus
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|
|
Diarrhea and abdominal cramps after eating meat and vegetables, esp. dried foods; 8-16 hr
|
Heat-labile toxin of Bacillus cereus
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|
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Traveler’s diarrhea
|
ETEC with heat-labile and/or heat-stable toxins
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|
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Copious clear diarrhea with mucous flecks after visiting developing country; 1-4 day incub. per
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Vibrio cholerae (cholera toxin)
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|
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Infantile diarrhea (0 - 2 y.o.); 1-3 day incub. per.
|
rotavirus
|
|
|
Steatorrheic, foul-smelling diarrhea/ abdominal cramps after camping trip and drinking from stream/ outbreak in daycare center; 1-3 week incub. period
|
Giardia lamblia
|
|
|
Voluminous watery diarrhea with cramps, flatulence, and weight loss, chronic in AIDS patients
|
Cryptosporidium parvum
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|
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Abdominal cramps and bloody diarrhea without pus; may also be assoc HUS (anemia, thrombocytopenia, and acute renal failure
|
E. coli O157:H7
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|
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Watery diarrhea of infants in developing countries, lasts 2-3 weeks; can become chronic
|
EPEC
|
|
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Most common inflammatory diarrhea in U.S., associated with poultry; oxidase + gram - curved rods
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Campylobacter jejuni
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Diarrhea associated with poultry; oxidase – gram (-) straight rods
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Salmonella species
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|
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Watery diarrhea, febrile, abdominal cramps; changes in 1-2 days to mucoid stools with or without blood; BMs accompanied by straining and tenesmus; occurs mostly < 10 y.o.
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Shigella
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|
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Abdominal pain, fever, weight loss generally associated with international travel; mucosal invasion produces flask-shaped ulcers and mucus
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Entamoeba histolytica
|
|
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Antibiotic-associated (clindamycin or ampicillin) diarrhea/ pseudomembranous colitis
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Clostridium difficile
|
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Chronic hepatitis leading to cirrhosis
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Hepatitis B, B/D, or C; Shistosoma mansoni
|
|
|
Bile duct blockage after surgery, fever, or antibiotics
|
Ascaris lumbricoides
|
|
|
Acute infectious endocarditis
|
Staphylococcus aureus
|
|
|
Subacute infective endocarditis in persons with pre-existing heart damage, poor oral hygiene
|
viridans streptococci
|
|
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Subacute endocarditis in elderly or those with pre-existing heart condition -
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Enterococcus faecalis
|
|
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Endocarditis in IV drug abusers; likely to involve both left and right heart
|
Staphylococcus aureus
|
|
|
Enlarged, flabby heart leading to heart failure; associated Central or south America–
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Trypanosoma cruzi
|
|
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Pericarditis or myocarditis
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Coxsackie or other enteroviruses; myocarditis also in later stages of Lyme disease
|
|
|
Septicemia and shock, gram + bacteria
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Staphylococcus aureus TSST-1, Strepto-coccus pyogenes SPE-A, or peptidoglycan-teichoic acid fragments of gram +
|
|
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Capillary and small vessel endothelial damage/ vector bite
|
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (RMSF)
|
|
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Exposure to animals
|
Brucella species
|
|
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|
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|
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· Anemia seen with infections
|
|
|
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Paroxysmal febrile disease
|
Plasmodium species
|
|
|
Pernicious megaloblastic anemia associated with eating fish (from competition for B12)
|
Diphyllobothrium latum
|
|
|
Microcytic hypochromic anemia from blood loss
|
hookworms
|
|
|
Polyarticular arthritis in menstruating female
|
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
|
|
|
Intermittent arthritis after bull’s eye rash/ tick bite
|
Borrelia burgdorferia
|
|
|
Osteomyelitis most common cause of
|
Staphylococcus aureus except neonates - could be S. agalactiae or enterobacteriaceae
|
|
|
Osteomyelitis In sickle cell patient
|
Salmonella species
|
|
|
Osteomyelitis in IV drug abusers
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S. aureus, P. aeruginosa
|
|
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Cystitis in most people
|
Escherichia coli
|
|
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cystitis in newly sexual active females
|
Staphylococcus saprophyticus
|
|
|
Cystitis/bloody urine/rural Africa
|
Schistosoma haematobium
|
|
|
Vesicles on genitalia
|
HSV-2
|
|
|
Genital warts
|
Human papilloma virus, most common 6 and 11, associated with development of cancer - 16 and 18
|
|
|
Male urethritis
|
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
|
|
|
Women - asymptomatic, vaginitis, cervicitis, or PID
|
Chlamydia trachomatis/N. gonorrhoeae
|
|
|
Hard chancre, painless
|
Treponema pallidum
|
|
|
Soft chancre, painful
|
Haemophilus ducreyi
|
|
|
Malodorous vaginitis
|
Trichomonas vaginalis
|
|
|
Pruritic painful vulvovaginitis
|
Candida albicans
|
|
|
Smelly vaginal discharge
|
Gardnerella vaginitis
|
|
|
Boils and carbuncles
|
S. aureus
|
|
|
“lumpy” jaw
|
Actinomyces israelii
|
|
|
Infected eyelash follicle (stye)
|
Staphylococcus aureus
|
|
|
Conjunctivitis in children, especially associated with swimming, sharing towels
|
adenovirus
|
|
|
Eyelid swelling, bilateral with muscle pain and eosinophilia
|
Trichinella spiralis
|
|
|
Unilateral swelling around one eye
|
Trypanosoma cruzi
|
|
|
Eye ulcers from extended contact wear
|
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
|
|
|
Acute otitis media
|
1) Streptococcus pneumoniae 2) nontypeable Haemophilus 3) Moraxella catarrhalis
|
|
|
Exudative, erythematous pharyngitis and fever >101°F, cervical lymphadenitis
|
Streptococcus pyogenes
|
|
|
Pharyngitis with fever < 101°F; negative for bacteria
|
adenovirus
|
|
|
Pharyngitis and extreme fatigue in teen or young adult; abnormal WBCs
|
EBV
|
|
|
Common cold
|
rhinovirus (summer/fall) and coronavirus (winter/spring)
|
|
|
Unvaccinated child with pseudomembrane in throat and heart irregularity
|
Corynebacterium diphtheriae
|
|
|
Fever, chills, URT symptoms, severe arthralgias and myalgias between Nov. and March in U.S. and Canada
|
influenza virus
|
|
|
Repetitive cough with inspiratory whoop, often vomiting (whooping cough)
|
Bordetella pertussis
|
|
|
Croup
|
parainfluenza viruses 1 and 2
|
|
|
Pneumonia and/or bronchiolitis in young child (3 mo. to 5 y.o.)
|
RSV
|
|
|
Mild pneumonia in 5-18 y.o.
|
Mycoplasma pneumoniae; or Chlamydia pneumoniae
|
|
|
Lobar pneumonia in all age groups
|
Streptococcus pneumoniae
|
|
|
Aspiration pneumonia
|
anaerobes including Bacteroides fragilis
|
|
|
Pneumonia with dry cough in AIDS patient
|
Pneumocystis carinii
|
|
|
Pneumonia with purulent sputum in AIDS patient
|
Streptococcus pneumoniae
|
|
|
Pneumonia in teen with CF
|
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
|
|
|
Pneumonia in older male, heavy drinker
|
likely Legionella pneumophila if environmental source seems likely; might also be Klebsiella pneumoniae (currant jelly sputum)
|
|
|
Pneumonia associated with bird excretions
|
Chlamydia psittaci
|
|
|
Pneumonia after contact with dust containing bird or bat feces, Ohio/Mississippi River Valleys
|
Histoplasma capsulatum
|
|
|
Pneumonia associated with dust in desert areas of CA/Southwest U.S.
|
Coccidioides immitis
|
|
|
Viral meningitis
|
enteroviruses, some arboviruses, mumps, polio
|
|
|
Meningitis in neonates, esp. after prolonged rupture of membranes
|
1stStreptococcus agalactiae/ 2nd E. coli/3rd Listeria monocytogenes
|
|
|
Meningitis in babies 6 mo. to 2 y.o., unvaccinated
|
Haemophilus influenzae
|
|
|
Meningitis in young adult, unresponsive and with cutaneous rash
|
Neisseria meningiditis
|
|
|
Purulent meningitis in all age groups except neonates
|
Streptococcus pneumoniae
|
|
|
Meningitis in AIDS patient
|
Cryptococcus neoformans
|
|
|
Meningitis in transplant patients
|
Listeria monocytogenes
|
|
|
Meningitis in severe neutropenia
|
Aspergillus, a mold with acute branched hyphae
|
|
|
Encephalitis in young adults, fatal if not treated promptly
|
HSV-1
|
|
|
Mosquito-borne encephalitis
|
Eastern or Western Equine Encephalitis viruses, St. Louis, CA and La Crosse viruses
|
|
|
virus found in sensory ganglia with unilateral reactivation in 1-3 dermatomes
|
VZV
|
|
|
Virus that causes trigeminal nerve ganglia
|
HSV-1
|
|
|
Virus latent in nerves S-2, S-3
|
HSV-2
|
|
|
Produces neurotoxin that causes rigid paralysis
|
Clostridium tetani
|
|
|
Produces neurotoxin that causes flaccid paralysis
|
Clostridium botulinum
|
|
|
Produces neurotoxin that causes dysentery and severe headache
|
Shiga toxin of S. dysenteraie type I
|
|
|
Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML)
|
JC virus
|
|
|
Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE)
|
defective measles virus
|
|
|
Prion diseases
|
Creutzfeld-Jakob disease and kuru
|
|
|
Food-poisoning; Vomiting and nausea with no fever 1-6 hours after ingestion of Cream pastries, ham, potato salad
|
enterotoxin of Staphylococcus aureus
|
|
|
Food-poisoning; Vomiting and nausea with no fever 1-6 hours after ingestion of Fried rice
|
heat stable exotoxin of Bacillus cereus
|
|
|
Diarrhea and abdominal cramps after eating meat and vegetables, esp. dried foods; 8-16 hr
|
Heat-labile toxin of Bacillus cereus
|
|
|
Traveler’s diarrhea
|
ETEC with heat-labile and/or heat-stable toxins
|
|
|
Copious clear diarrhea with mucous flecks after visiting developing country; 1-4 day incub. per
|
Vibrio cholerae (cholera toxin)
|
|
|
Infantile diarrhea (0 - 2 y.o.); 1-3 day incub. per.
|
rotavirus
|
|
|
Steatorrheic, foul-smelling diarrhea/ abdominal cramps after camping trip and drinking from stream/ outbreak in daycare center; 1-3 week incub. period
|
Giardia lamblia
|
|
|
Voluminous watery diarrhea with cramps, flatulence, and weight loss, chronic in AIDS patients
|
Cryptosporidium parvum
|
|
|
Abdominal cramps and bloody diarrhea without pus; may also be assoc HUS (anemia, thrombocytopenia, and acute renal failure
|
E. coli O157:H7
|
|
|
Watery diarrhea of infants in developing countries, lasts 2-3 weeks; can become chronic
|
EPEC
|
|
|
Most common inflammatory diarrhea in U.S., associated with poultry; oxidase + gram - curved rods
|
Campylobacter jejuni
|
|
|
Diarrhea associated with poultry; oxidase – gram (-) straight rods
|
Salmonella species
|
|
|
Watery diarrhea, febrile, abdominal cramps; changes in 1-2 days to mucoid stools with or without blood; BMs accompanied by straining and tenesmus; occurs mostly < 10 y.o.
|
Shigella
|
|
|
Abdominal pain, fever, weight loss generally associated with international travel; mucosal invasion produces flask-shaped ulcers and mucus
|
Entamoeba histolytica
|
|
|
Antibiotic-associated (clindamycin or ampicillin) diarrhea/ pseudomembranous colitis
|
Clostridium difficile
|
|
|
Chronic hepatitis leading to cirrhosis
|
Hepatitis B, B/D, or C; Shistosoma mansoni
|
|
|
Bile duct blockage after surgery, fever, or antibiotics
|
Ascaris lumbricoides
|
|
|
Acute infectious endocarditis
|
Staphylococcus aureus
|
|
|
Subacute infective endocarditis in persons with pre-existing heart damage, poor oral hygiene
|
viridans streptococci
|
|
|
Subacute endocarditis in elderly or those with pre-existing heart condition -
|
Enterococcus faecalis
|
|
|
Endocarditis in IV drug abusers; likely to involve both left and right heart
|
Staphylococcus aureus
|
|
|
Enlarged, flabby heart leading to heart failure; associated Central or south America–
|
Trypanosoma cruzi
|
|
|
Pericarditis or myocarditis
|
Coxsackie or other enteroviruses; myocarditis also in later stages of Lyme disease
|
|
|
Septicemia and shock, gram + bacteria
|
Staphylococcus aureus TSST-1, Strepto-coccus pyogenes SPE-A, or peptidoglycan-teichoic acid fragments of gram +
|
|
|
Capillary and small vessel endothelial damage/ vector bite
|
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (RMSF)
|
|
|
Exposure to animals
|
Brucella species
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
· Anemia seen with infections
|
|
|
|
Paroxysmal febrile disease
|
Plasmodium species
|
|
|
Pernicious megaloblastic anemia associated with eating fish (from competition for B12)
|
Diphyllobothrium latum
|
|
|
Microcytic hypochromic anemia from blood loss
|
hookworms
|
|
|
Polyarticular arthritis in menstruating female
|
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
|
|
|
Intermittent arthritis after bull’s eye rash/ tick bite
|
Borrelia burgdorferia
|
|
|
Osteomyelitis most common cause of
|
Staphylococcus aureus except neonates - could be S. agalactiae or enterobacteriaceae
|
|
|
Osteomyelitis In sickle cell patient
|
Salmonella species
|
|
|
Osteomyelitis in IV drug abusers
|
S. aureus, P. aeruginosa
|
|
|
Cystitis in most people
|
Escherichia coli
|
|
|
cystitis in newly sexual active females
|
Staphylococcus saprophyticus
|
|
|
Cystitis/bloody urine/rural Africa
|
Schistosoma haematobium
|
|
|
Vesicles on genitalia
|
HSV-2
|
|
|
Genital warts
|
Human papilloma virus, most common 6 and 11, associated with development of cancer - 16 and 18
|
|
|
Male urethritis
|
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
|
|
|
Women - asymptomatic, vaginitis, cervicitis, or PID
|
Chlamydia trachomatis/N. gonorrhoeae
|
|
|
Hard chancre, painless
|
Treponema pallidum
|
|
|
Soft chancre, painful
|
Haemophilus ducreyi
|
|
|
Malodorous vaginitis
|
Trichomonas vaginalis
|
|
|
Pruritic painful vulvovaginitis
|
Candida albicans
|
|
|
Smelly vaginal discharge
|
Gardnerella vaginitis
|
|
|
Boils and carbuncles
|
S. aureus
|
|
|
“lumpy” jaw
|
Actinomyces israelii
|
