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39 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

Types of Employment

Casual


Part time


Full time


Self employed


Voluntary

Casual Employment

Employedon an hourly basis without access to entitlements but receive a loading tocompensate

Part Time Employment

Workregular hours but fewer per week than full time employees and receiveentitlement on a pro rata basis

Full Time Employment

Generallywork 38 hours a week and have a continuing employment with a range ofentitlements

Self Employment

Anindividual who works for themselves

Voluntary Employment

Anindividual provides services without any expectation of compensation

Primary Industry

Produces raw materials from what nature has provided. Makeup 60% of Australian exports

Secondary Industry

Includesall workers involve in turning raw materials into finished or semi-finishedproducts

Tertiary Industry

Includes Quaternary and Quinary industries

Changes in Occupations

In 1900 nearly 1/3 of the labour force worked in primaryindustries. It is now 4%. Secondary industry has also decreased, 76% of thelabour force works in service industries.

Changing Employee Expectation
Labourforce is more educated and wants more challenge from their jobs and wish tobuild a career. Casual workers make up 40% of the labour force, people likework to be flexible

Casualization of the Labour Force

In the past 20 years casual work has become increasingly popular

Work-Life Balance

Employers and employees are realising the benefits of family friendly workplaces. The national paid parental leave scheme provides payment for 18 weeks within the first year after the birth of the child

Feminisation of the Workplace

Women comprise 48% of the workforce, have a participation rate of 59% and make up 70% of the casual workforce

Job Security

Employment cutbacks, automation, downsizing, increased competition from imports and non-unionised domestic companies have meant that job security is no longer guaranteed

Technological Change

The advent of digital technology that many jobs are being made redundant and new jobs are being created. One area of concern is the always available trap which can upset work-life balance

Flexible Working Conditions

Allow employees to balance work and family obligations more effectively. Home based work, permanent part time work, job sharing and flexible hours all contribute to this.Employees and employers can often have different ideas about flexibility, often expecting the opposite to make concessions

Benefits of Education and Training for Employees Include:

Higher incomes


Opportunities for promotion and self-improvement


Adaptability


A challenge


Improves job satisfaction through job performance

Educational Pathways Include

HSC


VET


TAFE


Apprenticeships


University


Training

Types of Employment Contract

Awards


Enterprise Agreement


Common Law Contract

Awards

Cover minimum conditions of employment

Advantages:


Set a minimum for pay and conditions


Cover all employees performing a similar job


Protect employees from exploitation


Disadvantages:


Inflexible


Prevent recognition of individual initiative

Enterprise Agreement

An negotiated agreement between an employer and employees/a union


Advantages:


Consultation of employees


Possibility of improved pay and conditions


Access to training


Greater flexibility


Disadvantages:


Possibility of undermining award standards


Possibility of job losses


Greater inequality in wage rates

Common Law Contracts

Cover employees who are not under and award or enterprise agreement


Advantages:


Right to sue for compensation


Flexibility to suit the varied needs of individuals


Individual initiative rewarded


Disadvantages:


Offer less protection


Possible exploitation of employees


Expense of court cases

Employers Will:

Pay correct income


Provide a safe, healthy, discrimination free workplace


Provide a payslip showing the total amount and how its was calculated


Not require the undertaking of illegal activities


Abide by requirements of industrial relations legislation

Employees Will:

Obey lawful and reasonable commands made by the employer

Attend work at required times


Use care and skill in carrying out their work activities


Act in good faith and in the interests of the employer


Dress appropriately for the job


Respect colleagues and the employer

Independant Contractors

Have to cover their own risks that would usually be outlined in an employment agreement

To Be Counted as Unemployed a Person Must Be

Without work


Available to begin work


Actively seeking employment

Full Employment

When there is an unemployment rate no higher than between 4 and 5 percent

Personal Costs of Unemployment

Poverty

Boredom


Poor Health


Loss of Self-Esteem


Discrimination


Isolation


Ridicule and Prejudice


Loss of Skills

WHS Statistics

Every Year:


180 people are killed at work


Most deaths are men under 24


Construction/agriculture industries account for 50% of these deaths


97% of work related deaths could have been prevented

Under WHS Employers Must Ensure

Their workplace is safe


Machinery is regularly inspected and maintained


Protective clothing and adequate training are required


Committees have been set up to enforce WHS

Under WHS Employees Must

Comply with safety instructions


Report any situations that they think may be dangerous


Cooperate in the investigation of accidents in order to prevent them from happening again

Bullying in the Workplace

85% of workers suffer or witness bullying in the workplace, both physical and subtle

It Is Illegal To Discriminate On The Grounds Of a Person's

Gender, ethnicity, age or sexual orientation


Physical or mental disability


Religious faith or political opinions


Marital status or family responsibilities

Direct Discrimination

Treating a group less favourably than another person or group in similar circumstances

Indirect Discrimination

Treatment which seems fair but which has an unequal or unfair impact on one person or a group compared with others

Types of Dismissal

Summary Dismissal


Dismissal 'By Notice'


Redundancy or Retrenchment

Invasions of Privacy

- Performs genetic screening to deny employment to people whose future health problems might disadvantage the business.


- Demands drug and alcohol testing of employees


- Listen to phone call and checks web hits to determine whether they relate to the job or are being made for private purposes

Outsourcing

The contracting of some tasks to outside suppliers