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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Is a comma used when a prepositional phrase, less than 4 words, is used as an introduction to the main clause
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no - In the West trained physicians perform most medicine.
But From the excessive amount and extreme color of the drainage, I suspect a URI. |
In the West trained physicians perform most medicine.
But From the excessive amount and extreme color of the drainage, I suspect a URI. |
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Is a comma used to to set off an introductory phrase/clause from main independent clause?
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yes- Although she was complaining of pain in her thigh, her lower back is painful to the touch.
Her lower back is painful to the touch is the main clause. The introduction precedes it and is set off by a comma. |
Although she was complaining of pain in her thigh, her lower back is painful to the touch.
Her lower back is painful to the touch is the main clause. The introduction precedes it and is set off by a comma. |
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does a comma go right before the coordinating conjunction in a series of items?
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yes - required
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does a comma in a series go before the first item and after the last item?
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no - In all the examples above, a comma appears before the conjunction preceding the final element of the series. This is the classically correct style and has become widely accepted and even considered “the only correct way” by many. Your account instructions will tell you if this is not the case.
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The external, internal, and transverse muscles were also incised.
The head, eyes, ears, nose, and throat exam was normal. The procedure, risks and benefits, and possible side effects were explained to the patient. The patient understood these risks, asked questions, and signed the consent form. |
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can a comma and coordinating conjunction be used to join 2 independent clauses?
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yes
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when multiple words are used in a series and they are separated by AND or OR, are commas used to separate them
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NO - The patient was without nausea or vomiting or diarrhea.
History included syncope and dizziness and loss of consciousness. Pupils were equal and round and reactive to light. |
The patient was without nausea or vomiting or diarrhea.
History included syncope and dizziness and loss of consciousness. Pupils were equal and round and reactive to light. |
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do essential phrases/clauses get separated by commas
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no - because they are essential to the understanding of the sentence.
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When taken out, the sentence may still be a sentence, but is it essential to the understanding of the sentence
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must a comma be used between 2 coordinate adjectives?
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yes - Not all adjectives positioned next to each other are coordinate adjectives (and, therefore, do not require a comma to separate them). Some adjectives have different degrees of importance in relation to the noun or pronoun they are modifying.
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She is an independent, active female.
Question #1- Could you put the word and between the two adjectives and still have the sentence make sense? Answer- Yes. She is an independent and active female. Question #2- Could you change the order of the adjectives and still have the sentence make sense? Answer- Yes. She is an active, independent female. Since we answered yes to these, we see they are of equal importance and our comma belongs between them. |
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comma splice:
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A NO NO sentence created by joining 2 independent clauses with a comma
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can you use a comma and conjunctive adverb to join 2 independent clauses
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NO - 1.independent clauses must be separated by semicolon or period or 2.comma and coordinating conjunction
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Correct: The patient knew the risks of the procedure, and he opted to go ahead with it as soon as possible.
In this sentence, two independent clauses were joined by a comma plus the coordinating conjunction and. Incorrect: The patient knew the risks of the procedure, however he opted to go ahead with it as soon as possible. Conjunctive adverbs (unlike coordinating conjunctions) cannot be used with a comma to join two independent clauses. They require a semicolon (before) and a comma (after). Correct: The patient knew the risks of the procedure; however, he opted to go ahead with it as soon as possible. Or Correct: The patient knew the risks of the procedure. However, he opted to go ahead with it as soon as possible. Note: The conjunctive adverbs so and therefore do not require a comma to follow them when used in this way. This is one of the wonderful, mysterious rules of our language that makes it challenging to master. Correct: The patient was looking forward to having the procedure; therefore he opted to go ahead with it as soon as possible. |
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commas are most correctly or incorrectly used
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incorrectly used
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a comma and a coordinating conjunction is used to join what kind of clauses/sentences?
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can be used to join 2 independent clauses/sentences
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where do you not places commas in a series?
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DO NOT place BEFORE the first item and generally DO NOT place after the last item
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Is a comma permitted before a conjunction (FANBOY) preceding the final item (element) in a series of items
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Yes, It is the only correct way
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When multiple words in a series are separated by AND or OR, are commas permitted?
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No
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does a comma belong after introductory adverbs that answer when, how often, where, and why
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no
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does a comma belong after an introductory adverb clause?
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yes, but the adverb must introduce a clause not a phrase which means there must be a subject and a verb before the simple sentence
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1. While Mario put the costume on, his accompanist played “Deep Purple”.
2. After lunch I will wash the car for my father. |
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the items in a series, which can be separated by a comma, can be 3 things?
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single words, phrases, or clauses
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When you address someone directly by name or title within a sentence, where do the commas belong?
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surround the name or title with commas
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Yes, Jean, you are right.
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When joining an independent clause with a dependent clause is a comma used?
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No - a conjunction is sufficient
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Correct: She was able to perform a sit-to-stand activity with greater ease, and her standing balance reactions are improved.
There is an independent clause on each side of the comma so they can be joined with the comma and the conjunction and. Incorrect: He came to us of his own volition, and appears to be in no acute distress. Appears to be in no acute distress is a phrase and cannot be joined to an independent clause with a comma and conjunction. The conjunction by itself will suffice. Correct: He came to us of his own volition and appears to be in no acute distress. |
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Can a comma and a coordinating conjunction (remember F-A-N-B-O-Y) be used to join two independent clauses.
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yes
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The patient seems alert. She is scared and distraught.
The patient seems alert, but she is scared and distraught. An incision was made over the anterolateral aspect of the shoulder. The underlying soft tissue was dissected down to the deltoid. An incision was made over the anterolateral aspect of the shoulder, and the underlying soft tissue was dissected down to the deltoid. |
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Can a comma be used to separate 3 or more items in a series?
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yes - Remember, the items may be single words, phrases, or clauses.
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The patient is without complaints of nocturia, hematuria, or pyuria.
Extremities were without clubbing, cyanosis, or edema. Over the next three weeks he apparently was fatigued, not able to do much at work, and had started feeling dizzy. Abdomen is soft, nontender, and nondistended. |
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Are commas used after participial, infinitive, and nonessential phrases that begin a sentence
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yes
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Thinking he had several alternate medications, he stopped taking the Allegra.
To improve his breathing, he sleeps on an incline most nights. A fairly long and arduous test, the cardiac stress test allowed us to observe the heart in different states of exertion. |
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Can a single word be used as an introduction?
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yes - WORDS REQUIRING A COMMA: however, also, no, yes, or well are used as introductory elements
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However, the blockage does not seem significant at this time.
Well, we will have to schedule the test for week of Feb. 14. |
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What 5 single words used as an introduction REQUIRE a comma after them?
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however, also, no, yes, well
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Well, we will have to schedule the test for week of Feb. 14.
However, the blockage does not seem significant at this time. |
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Do nonessential elements get commas?
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yes - are set aside by using a comma before and after the phrase, clause, or word that is nonessential.
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What is a nonessential element?
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extra information not necessary to the basic understanding of the sentence
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It is nonessential because the essence of the sentence is fine without this element being there.
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When joining an independent phrase/clause and a dependent phrase/clause, what part of speech is to be used?
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conjunction - No comma
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Correct: She was able to perform a sit-to-stand activity with greater ease, and her standing balance reactions are improved.
There is an independent clause on each side of the comma so they can be joined with the comma and the conjunction and. Incorrect: He came to us of his own volition, and appears to be in no acute distress. Appears to be in no acute distress is a phrase and cannot be joined to an independent clause with a comma and conjunction. The conjunction by itself will suffice. Correct: He came to us of his own volition and appears to be in no acute distress. |
