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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Pragmatism
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An applied approach to knowledge; the philosophy that true understanding of an idea or situation has practical implications for action.
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Phenomenology
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Intentional analysis of everyday experience from the standpoint of the person who is living it; explores the possibility of understanding the experience of self and others.
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Culture industries
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Entertainment businesses that reproduce the dominant ideology of a culture and distract people from recognizing unjust distribution of power within society; e.g., film, television, music, and advertising.
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Sapir-Whorf hypothesis of linguistic relativity
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The claim that the structure of a language shapes what people think and do; the social construction of reality.
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Symbols
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Arbitrary words and non-verbal signs that bear no natural connection with the things they describe; their meaning is learned within a given culture.
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Semiotics
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The study of verbal and nonverbal signs that can stand for something else, and how their interpretation impacts society.
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Rhetoric
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The art of using all-available means of persuasion, focusing upon lines of argument, organizations of ideas, language use, and delivery in public speaking.
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Cybernetics
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The study of information processing, feedback, and control in communication systems.
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Robert Craig
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A communication scholar from the University of Colorado who has defined seven traditions of communication theory.
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Judee Burgoon
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University of Arizona communication theorist whose theory is the subject of chapter 7. She suggested that if we care about theory, we must “do theory.”
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Ernest Bormann
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Late communication theorist from University of Minnesota who posited the broad definition of communication theory listed below. His theory of symbolic convergence is featured in Chapter Nineteen.
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Theory
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A set of systematic, informed hunches about the way things work.
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Communication
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The relational process of creating and interpreting messages that elicit a response.
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Text
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A record of a message that can be analyzed by others; for example a book, film, photograph, or any transcript or recording of a speech or broadcast.
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Behavioral Scientist
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A scholar who applies the scientific method to describe, predict, and explain recurring forms of human behavior.
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Rhetorician
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A scholar who studies the ways in which symbolic forms can be used to identify with people, or to persuade them toward a certain point of view.
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Objective approach
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The assumption that truth is singular and is accessible through unbiased sensory observation; committed to uncovering cause-and-effect relationships.
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Source credibility
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Perceived competence and trustworthiness of a speaker or writer that affects how the message is received.
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Identification
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A perceived role relationship that affects self-image and attitudes; based on attractiveness of the role model and sustained if the relationship remains salient.
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Interpretive approach
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The linguistic work of assigning meaning or value to communicative texts; assumes that multiple meanings or truths are possible.
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Burke’s dramatistic pentad
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A five-pronged method of rhetorical criticism to analyze a speaker’s persuasive strategy – act, scene, agent, agency, purpose.
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Humanistic scholarship
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Study of what it’s like to be another person, in a specific time and place; assumes there are few important panhuman similarities.
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Epistemology
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The study of the origin, nature, method, and limits of knowledge.
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Determinism
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The assumption that behavior is caused by heredity and environment.
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Empirical evidence
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Data collected through direct observation.
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Stanley Deetz
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Communication scholar from the University of Colorado who believes that every general communication theory has two priorities—effectiveness and participation. His theory of organizational communication is featured in Chapter 20.
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Emancipation
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Liberation from any form of political, economic, racial, religious, or sexual oppression; empowerment.
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Metatheory
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Theory about theory; the stated or inherent assumptions made when creating.
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Rule of parsimony (Occam’s razor)
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Given two plausible explanations for the same event, we should accept the simpler version.
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Falsifiability
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The requirement that a scientific theory must be stated in a way that it can be tested and disproved if it is indeed wrong.
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Experiment
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A research method that manipulates a variable in a tightly controlled situation in order to find out if it has the predicted effect.
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Survey
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A research method that uses questionnaires and structured interviews to collect self-reported data that reflects what respondents think, feel, or intend to do.
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Self-referential imperative
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Include yourself as a constituent of your own construction.
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Ethical imperative
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Grant others that occur in your construction the same autonomy you practice constructing them.
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Critical theorists
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Scholars who use theory to reveal unjust communication practices that create or perpetuate an imbalance of power.
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Textual analysis
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A research method that describes and interprets the characteristics of any text.
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Ethnography
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A method of participant observation designed to help a researcher experience a culture’s complex web of meaning.
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