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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
define quantitative research
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Descriptive statistics (numerical form) measures human behavior in terms of quantity, frequency, or amount
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define qualitative research
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Provides non-numerical knowledge about communication to study aspects of communication that cannot easily be quantified, such as the meanings of experience, the function of rituals in organizational life, and how we feel about and engage in online communication.
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define ethnography
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It's a qualitative method in which researchers try to discover what symbolic activities mean by immersing themselves in those activities and their contexts and gaining insight into the perspectives of those who are native to the context.
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define intracommunication
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communication with ourselves/selftalk
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define interpersonal communication
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communication between people
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define perception
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the process by which we notice and make sense of experience and stimuli around us
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define and name the 4 types of cognitive schemata
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cognitive structures we use to organize and interpret experiences
1-prototypes-2-personal constructs-3-stereotypes-4-scripts |
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define prototypes
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knowledge structures that define the clearest or most representative examples of some category
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define personal constructs and give one example
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mental yardsticks that allow us to measure people and situations along bipolar dimensions
example: intelligent-not intelligent |
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define stereotypes
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predictive generalizations about people and situations
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define scripts
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a sequence of activities that spells out how we and others are expected to act in a specific situation.
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define attributions
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explanations of why things happen and why people act as they do. We attribute causes for our own and others' behaviors
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self-serving bias
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We are inclined to attribute our positive actions and our successes to internal and stable factors and to avoid taking responsibility for negative actions and failures and to attribute them to unstable external factors
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define regulative rules
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regulate interaction by specifying when, how, where, and with whom to communicate about certain things
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define constitutive rules
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what a particular communication means or stands for
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define symbols
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representations of people, events, and all that goes on around us and in us.
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Describe the emplications of the phrase: Language is arbitrary.
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verbal symbols are not intrinsically connected to what they represent
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Describe the implications of the phrase: Language is ambiguous.
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language doesn't have clear-cut precise meanings
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Describe the emplications of the phrase: Language is abstract.
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Words are not concrete or tangible phenomena.
The more abstract something is, the more nonspecific/ vague it is |
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punctuation
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our perception of when interaction begins and ends
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indexing
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a technique to remind us that our evaluations apply only to specific times and circumstances. (p85)
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haptics
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nonverbal communication involving physical touch
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proxemics
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refers to space and how we use it in nonverbal communication
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chronemics
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refers to how we perceive and use time to define identities and interaction.
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paralanguage
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communication that is vocal but not actual words
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kinesics
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technical term that refers to body position and body motions, including those of the face
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artifacts
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personal objects we use to announce our identities and to opersonalize our environment
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