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56 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Community
A group of people who are located in a particular space, have shared values, and interact within a social system.
Community Nutrition
A discipline that strives to prevent disease and to improve the health, nutrition, and well being of individuals and groups within the community.
Policy
A course of action chosen by public authorities to address a given problem.
Public Health
Focuses on protecting and promoting people's health through the actions of society.
Intervention
A health promotion activity aimed at changing the behavior of acquiring a disease.
Community Needs Assessment
An evaluation of the community in terms of its health and nutritional status, its needs, and the resources available to address those needs.
Health Status
The condition of a population's or individual's health, including estimated quality of life and physical and psychosocial functioning.
Nutritional Status
The condition of a population's or individual's health as influenced by the intake and utilization of nutrients and non nutrients.
Target Population
The population that is the focus of an assessment, study, or intervention.
Goals
Broad statements of what the activity or program is expected to accomplish.
Objectives
Statements of outcomes and activities needed to reach a goal.
Qualitative Data
Data (such as opinions) that describe or explain, are considered subjective, and can be categorized or ranked but not quantified.
Quantitative Data
Numerical data that can be measured and are considered objective.
Key Informants
People who are "in the know" about the community and whose opinions and insights can help direct the needs assessment.
Stakeholders
People who have vested interest in identifying and addressing the nutritional problem.
Vital Statistics
Figures pertaining to life events, such as births, deaths, and marriages.
Culture
The knowledge, belief, customs, laws, morals, art, and any other habit and skills acquired by humans as members of society.
Health Outcome
the effect of an intervention on the health and well being of an individual or population.
Advocacy
Building support for an idea, cause or change.
Cognitions
The knowledge and awareness that people have of their environment and the judgments they make related to it.
Attitude
An individual's positive or negative evaluation of performing a behavior or engaging in an activity.
Social Group
A group of people who are interdependent and share a set of norms, beliefs, values, or behaviors.
Sample
A group of individuals whose beliefs, biological characteristics, or other feature represent those of a larger population.
Survey
A systematic study of a cross section of individuals who represent the target population.
Nutrition Survey
An instrument designed to collect data on the nutritional status and dietary intake of a population group.
Focus Group
An informal group of about 5 to 12 people who are asked to share their concerns, experiences, beliefs, opinions, or problems.
Validity
The accuracy of the diet assessment instrument. Validity reflects the ability of a diet assessment instrument to measure what it is intended to measure; that is, a valid instrument accurately measures an individual's usual or customary dietary intake over a period of time.
Sensitivity
The proportion of individual's in the sample with the disease or condition who have a positive test for it.
Specificity
The proportion of individuals in the sample without the disease or condition who have a negative test for it.
Reliability
The repeatability or precision of an assessment instrument.
Nutritional Status Indicator
A quantitative measure used as a guide to screen, diagnose, and evaluate interventions in individuals.
Mission Statement
A broad statement or declaration of an organization's purpose or reason for being.
Intervention Strategy
An approach for achieving a program's goals and objectives.
Implementation
The set of activities directed toward putting a program into effect.
Participation
The number of people who take part in a health promotion activity.
Evaluation
The measurable determination of the value or degree of success in achieving specific objectives.
Formative Evaluation
The process of testing and assessing certain elements of a program before it is implemented fully.
Process Evaluation
A measure of program activities or efforts - that is, of how a program is implemented.
Impact Evaluation
The process of determining whether the program's methods and activities resulted in the desired immediate changes in the client.
Outcome Evaluation
The process of measuring a program's effectiveness in changing one or more aspects of nutritional or health status.
Structure Evaluation
The process of determining adequacy of the internal processes and resources needed to deliver a program, including personnel and environmental factors.
Fiscal or Efficiency evaluation
The process of determining a program's benefits relative to its cost.
Epidemiology
From the Greek word meaning "upon the people"; the study of epidemics.
Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)
A disorder characterized by growth retardation, facial abnormalities, and central nervous system dysfunction, and caused by a woman's use of alcohol during pregnancy; FAS is potentially 100 percent preventable.
Vital statistics
Figures pertaining to life evnts, such as births, deaths, and marriages.
Case
A particular instance of a disease or outcome of interest.
Risk
The probability or likelihood of an event occuring - in this case - the probability that people will acquire a disease.
Risk factors
Clinically important signs associated with an increased likelihood of acquiring a disease.
Incidence
The number of NEW cases of a disease during a specific time period in a defined population.
Prevalence
The number of existing cases of a disease or other condition in a given population.
Cohort
A well-defined group of people who are studied over a period of time to determine their incidence of disease, injury, or death.
Confounding factor (confounder)
A "hidden" factor or characteristic that is distributed differently in the study and control groups and may cause an association that the researchers attribute to other factors. Common confounding factors, such as age, gender, race, ethnicity, and dietary or lifestyle factors, can make it difficult to distinguish between a response to a treatment and the effect of some other factor.
Cohort Study
A type of observational analytic study that can be retrospective or prospective in nature. Enrollment in the study is based on exposure characteristics or on membership in a group. Disease, death, and/or other health-related outcome are then determined and compared.
Case-Control Study
A type of observational analytic study; enrollment in the study is based on presence (case) or absense (control) of disease. Characteristics, such as previous exposure to a factor, are then compared between cases and controls.
Food Balance Sheets
Natinoal accounts of the annual production of food, changes in stock, imports and exports, and distribution of food over various uses within the country.
Household Food Consumption
That total amount of food available for consumption in the household, generally excluding food eaten away from home unless taken from home.