Comm Chapter 9 - Power And Control

Front 1

Authority

Back 1

The legitimate use of power in a society

Front 2

Ideal Types of Authority

Back 2

According to Weber, these include:
- Charismatic
- Traditional
- Legal-rational

Front 3

Alientation

Back 3

A concept Marx borrowed from Hegel to describe the historical outcome of the increased division of labor in capitalist societies and processes by which people are separated from their work and each other

Front 4

Organized Expertise

Back 4

Knowledge about how to organize large-scale projects and instutitions; according to Galbraith, the principal course of power in contemporary society

Front 5

Bases of Social Power

Back 5

According to French and Raven, includes
- Reward
- Legitimaate
- Expert
- Referent
- Coercive
their framework embraces the idea that power resides in the relationship between two people with the key to power being one person perceiving that the other has one or more of these bases

Front 6

Artistic Proofs

Back 6

According to Aristotle, the uses of persuasion as available and legitimate means of influence

Front 7

Inartistic Proofs

Back 7

According to Aristotle, the use of means other than persuasion as a means of influence, including force, contracts, and specified systems of rewards and punishments, all of which limit human choice

Front 8

Sovereign Uses of Power

Back 8

According to Clegg, a view of power that emphasizes the power associated with an individual, a group, or an instutition - that is, power that proceeds from a distinct and visible source; from this view, who has power is what important even if that "who" is an institution

Front 9

Strategic Uses of Power

Back 9

Aaccording to Clegg, a view of power that emphasizes that strategic aspects of power, or power-in-use, as a basic dimension of human relations; from this standpoint, how power is exercised is what's most important

Front 10

Luke's Three-Dimensional Model of Power

Back 10

Model that recognizes that power-in-use has more and less obvious aspects that may operate simulataneously

Level 1 - includes overt uses of power such as directives
Level 2 - includes less observable aspects, such as people not expressing alternative viewpoints when they hold them
Level 3 - Includes least observable aspects of power, such as someone not considering alternative viewpoint, even though dominant view is not in best interst

Front 11

Discursive Closure

Back 11

A process in which certain discussions or discourses feature one viewpoint and close out others, resulting in systematic biases in discussions of particular issues

Front 12

Hegemony

Back 12

A process whereby a particular way of seeing and doing things becomes dominant, especially through the participation of diverse groups in society and including those for whom the trend is not in their best interests; in this way, arrangements of power become "commonsensical" and naturalized, even while they are harmful or limiting to certain segments of society or even to society as a whole

Front 13

Systems of Organizational Control

Back 13

The basic ways that work and workers are organized and controlled in the interests of the larger organization; major systems of control include
- simple
- technical
- bureaucratic
- concertive

Front 14

Hirshman's Typology of Organizational Responses

Back 14

The primary means by which unhappy individuals or groups oppose practices of an organization; include
- Exit
- Voice
- Loyalty
- Neglect (added later)

Front 15

Symbolic Resistance

Back 15

A means of Resistance that involves trying to use key symbols to move ideas and people in a direction different from the predominant viewpoint; using this strategy, symbols become the "turf" on which a rhetorical battle is waged

Front 16

Primary sources of power over the centuries

Back 16

- Land
- Capital
- Organized Expertise (including info)