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113 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Communication |
Is a social process in which individuals employ symbols to establish and interpret meaning in their environment . |
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Social |
The notion that people and interactions are part of the communication process |
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Process |
Process ongoing dynamic and unending occurrence |
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Symbol |
Arbitrary label given to a phenomenon |
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Concrete symbol |
Symbol representing an object |
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Abstract symbol |
Symbol representing an idea or thought |
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Meaning |
What people extract from a message |
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To communicate well |
Explain,repeat,clarify |
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Environment |
Situation or context in which communication occurs |
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Palo Alto Team |
A group of scholars who believed that a person "cannot not communicate " |
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Models |
Simplified representations of the communication process |
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Linear model of communication |
One way view of communication that assumes a message is sent by a source to a receiver through a channel |
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Source |
Originator of a message |
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Message |
Words,sounds,actions,or gestures in an interaction |
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Receiver |
Recipient of a message |
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Channel |
Pathway to communication |
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Noise |
Distortion in channel not intended by the source |
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Semantic noise |
Linguistic influences on reception of message |
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Physical noise |
Bodily influences on reception of message |
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Psychological noise |
Cognitive influences on reception of message |
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Physiological noise |
Biological influences on reception of message |
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Interactional model of communication |
View of communication as the sharing of meaning with feedback that links source and receiver |
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Feedback |
Communication given to the source by the receiver to indicate understanding |
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Field of experience |
Overlap of senders and receivers culture ,experiences and heredity in communication |
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Transactional model of communication |
View of communication as the simultaneous sending and receiving of messages |
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Ethics |
Perceived rightness or wrongness of an action or behavior |
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The Rhetorical Tradition |
We are intrested in public address and public speaking and their functions in society. |
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Semiotic tradition |
The study of signs |
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Phenomenological tradition |
A personal interpretation of everyday life and activities |
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Cybernetic tradition |
Looks at problems such as noise in the communication process |
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Socio-Psychological Tradition |
Cause -effect model , behavior is influenced by something else a variable |
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Socio-cultural tradition |
Our every day interactions with others depend heavily on preexisting, shared cultural patterns and social structures |
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Critical tradition |
Critiquing the social order and imposing structures or individuals on that order are at the heart of critical theory |
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Contexts |
Environments in which communication takes place |
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Situational context |
Environments that are limited by factors like number of people ,feedback ,space,etc |
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Intra personal communication |
Community sion with oneself , what goes on inside your head even when your wi th someone |
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Self esteem |
The degree of positive orientation people have about themselves |
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Interpersonal communication |
Face to face communication between people |
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Small group communication |
Study of communication amongst at least 3 individuals |
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Cohesiveness |
The degree of togetherness between and among communicators |
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Synergy |
The intersection of multiple perspectives in a small group |
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Networks |
Communication patterns through which information flows |
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Roles |
Positions of group memebers and their relationship to the group |
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Organizational communication |
Communication within and among large extended environments |
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Hierarchy |
An organizing principle whereby things or people are ranked one above the other |
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Hawthorne eperiments |
A set of investigations that ushered in a human relations approach to organizations |
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Public communication |
Dissemination of information from one person to many others |
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Rhetoric |
a speakers available means of persuasion |
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Communication apprehension |
a generalized fear or anxiety regarding communication in front of others |
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Mass media |
Channels or delivery modes for mass messages |
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Mass communication |
Communication to a large audience via various channels |
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New media |
Computer related technology |
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Culture |
A community of meaning with , a nong other things a shared body of knowledge |
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Cultural communication |
communication between and among individuals whose cultural backgrounds vary |
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Co-cultures |
Groups of individuals who are part of the same larger culture but who can be classified around various identities |
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Concepts |
Labels for the most important elements a theory |
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Nominal concepts |
Concepts that are not directly observable |
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Relationship |
The way in which concepts relate to one another |
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Theory |
An abstract system of concepts and their relationship that help us to understand a phenomenon |
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Theory |
An abstract system of concepts and their relationship that help us to understand a phenomenon |
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Concepts |
Labels for the most important elements in a theory |
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Nominal concepts |
Concepts that are not directly observable |
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Real concepts |
Concepts that are directly observable |
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Relationships |
The ways in which the concepts of a theory relate to one another |
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Posivistic/ empirical approach |
An approach assuming the existence of objective realty and value -neutral research |
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Control |
Direction over the important concepts in a theory |
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Interpretive approach |
An approach viewing truth as subjective and stressing the participation of the researcher in the research process |
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Critical approach |
And approach stressing the research responsibility to change the inequities in the status quo |
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Ontology |
A branch of knowledge focused on the nature of reality |
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Epistemology |
A branch of knowledge focused on how we know things |
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Axiology |
A branch of knowledge focused on what is worth knowing |
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Covering law approach |
A guideline for creating theory suggesting that theories conform to a general law that is universal and important |
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Rules approach |
A guideline for creating theory that builds human choice into explanations |
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Cause |
An antecedent condition that determines an effect |
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Effect |
A condition that inevitably follows a caustic condition |
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Systems approach |
A guideline for creating theory that acknowledges human choice and the constraints of the systems involved |
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Hypothesis |
Testable prediction |
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Movements |
Activities based on stimulus response |
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Actions |
Activities based on intentional choice responses |
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Habitual rules |
Nonegotiable rules that are usually created by an authority figure |
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Parametric rules |
Rules that set by an authority figure but are subject to some negotiation |
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Tactical rules |
Unstated rules used to achieve a personal or interpersonal goal |
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Wholeness |
A fundamental property of systems theory stating that systems are more than the sum of their individual parts |
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Interdependence |
A property of systems theory stating that the elements of a system affect one another |
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Subsystems |
Smaller systems that are embedded on larger ones |
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Suprasystem. |
Larger systems that hold smaller ones within them |
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Hierarchy |
A property of systems theory stating that systems consist of multiple levels |
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Boundaries |
A property of systems theory stating that systems construct structure specifying their outer limits |
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Openness |
The acknowledgement that within all human systems the boundaries are permeable |
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Calibration |
A property of systems theory stating that systems periodically check the scale of allowable behaviors and reset the system |
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Feedback |
A subprocess of calibration information. Allowing of change in the system |
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Morphogenic. |
A process that occurs when a system recalibrates. |
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Homeostatic |
A term for a stable system that isn't changing |
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Equifinalty |
A property of systems theory stating that systems can achieve the same goals through different means |
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Scope |
A criterion for evualring theories refers to the breadth of communication behaviors coveted in the theory |
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Logical consistency |
A criterion for evaluating theories , refers to the internal logic in the theoretical statements |
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Parismony. |
A criterion for evaluating theories refers to the simplicity of the explanation provided by the theory |
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Utility |
A criterion for evaluating theories refers to the theory usefulness or practical value |
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Testability |
A criterion for evaluating theories , refers to our ability to test the accuracy of a theories claims |
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Heurism. |
A criterion for evaluating theories refers to the amount of research and new thinking stimulated by the theory |
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Test of time |
A criterion for evaluating theories refers to the theory durability over time |
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Scientific method |
The traditional method for doing research involving controlled observations and analysis to test the principles of s theory |
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Deductive logic |
Moving from the general to the specific |
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Inductive logic |
Moving from the specific to the general |
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Operationalize |
Making an abstract idea measurable and observable |
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Observations |
Focused exmanationwithin a context of intrest |
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Data |
The raw materials collected by the researcher to answer the questions posed in the researcher or to test hypothesis |
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Code |
Converting raw data to a category system |
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Grounded theory |
Theory induced from data and analysis |
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Pure researcher |
Research to generate knowledge |
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Applied research |
Research to solve a problem or create a policy |
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Reliability |
The stability and predictability of an observation |
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Validity |
The truth value of am observation |
